Курсовая: Недвижимость
Курсовая: Недвижимость
Niaea?aeaieaAaaaeaiea.*oi oaeia iaaeaeaeeiinoue?
1. Naaiaiou ?uiea.
2. Caiaeueiue ?uiie.
3. ?acia?u caiaeueiiai o/anoea e ae?oaie iaaeaeaeeiinoe.
4. Ii?iu aeaaeaiey caieae e i?aaeinoaaeaiey caiaeueiuo o/anoeia
a?aaeaeaiai.
5. Oeaeaaia iacia/aiea e ciie?iaaiea.
6. Caiey iiae i?eaaoece?iaaiiui i?aae?ieyoeai.
7. ?uiie aeeeuey.
8. ?uiie oeaiiuo aoiaa ia iaaeaeaeeiinoue.
9. Ioeaiea iaaeaeaeeiinoe.
10. Eiioaea.
Caeeth/aiea. Oaeoi?u, iaaaoeaii aeeythuea ia ?uiie iaaeaeaeeiinoe e
iooe eo ono?aiaiey.
*oi oaeia iaaeaeaeeiinoue?
Oa?iei ?iaaeaeaeeiinoue? iiyaeeny a ?inneeneii
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa ni a?aiai Iao?a I. Iaeiaei, a iuia aeaenoaothueo
caeiiiaeaoaeueiuo aeoao aua ia i?iaaaeaii /aoeia ?aca?aie/aiea iaaeaeo
aeaeaeeiui e iaaeaeaeeiui eiouanoaii.
Ia?a/aiue ia?aeoia iaaeaeaeeiinoe i?eaaaeai a no. 130 AE ?O. E
iaaeaeaeeiui aauai (iaaeaeaeeiia eiouanoai, iaaeaeaeeiinoue) ioiinyony
caiaeueiua o/anoee, o/anoee iaae?, iainiaeaiiua aiaeiua ia?aeou e ana,
/oi i?i/ii naycaii n caieae, oi anoue ia?aeou, ia?aiauaiea eioi?uo aac
iani?acia?iiai oua?aa eo iacia/aieth iaaiciiaeii, a oii /enea eana,
iiiaieaoiea ianaaeaeaiey, caeaiey, nii?oaeaiey. E iaaeaeaeeiui aauai
ioiinyony oaeaea iiaeeaaeauea ainoaea?noaaiiie ?aaeno?aoeee aicaeooiua e
ii?neea noaea, noaea aioo?eiiaai ieaaaiey, einie/aneea ia?aeou. Caeiiii
e iaaeaeaeeiui aauai iiaeao auoue ioianaii e eiia eiouanoai. Oae,
iai?eia?, i?aaei?eyoea a oeaeii eae eiouanoaaiiue eiiieaen oaeaea
i?eciaaony iaaeaeaeeiinoueth (no. 132 AE ?O).
A niioaaonoaee n /anoueth ia?aie A?aaeaeaineiai eiaeaena ?O
i?aaei?eyoea ?anniao?eaaaony ia eae noa?aeo, a iaiin?aaenoaaiii eae
ia?aeo a?aaeaeaineeo i?aa.
I?aaei?eyoea a oeaeii eee aai /anoue iiaeao auoue ia?aeoii
eoiee-i?iaeaaee, caeiaa, a?aiaeu e ae?oaeo naeaeie, naycaiiuo n
onoaiiaeaieai, eciaiaieai e i?ae?auaieai aauiuo i?aa. I?aaei?eyoea
iiaeao auoue oaeaea ia?aaeaii ii ianeaaenoao.
A ninoaa i?aaei?eyoey eae eiouanoaaiiiai eiiieaena aoiaeyo ana
aeaeu eiouanoaa, i?aaeiacia/aiiua aeey aai aeayoaeueiinoe, aeeth/ay
caiaeueiua o/anoee, caeaiey, nii?oaeaiey, iai?oaeiaaiea, eiaaioa?ue,
nu?uea, i?iaeoeoeeth, i?aaa o?aaiaaiey, aeieae, a oaeaea i?aaa ia
iaicia/aiey, eiaeeaeaeoaeece?othuea i?aaei?eyoea, aai i?iaeoeoeeth,
?aaiou e oneoae (oe?iaiiia iaeiaiiaaiea, oiaa?iua ciaee, ciaee
ianeoaeeaaiey), e ae?oaea eneeth/eoaeueiua i?aaa, anee eiia ia
i?aaeoniio?aii caeiiii eee aeiaiai?ii.
No. 131 AE ?O a eiia?aoeaiie oi?ia onoaiiaeai ioe?uoue,
ioaee/iue oa?aeoa? aeoa ainoaea?noaaiiie ?aaeno?aoeee iaaeaeaeeiinoe.
Yoi icia/aao, /oi ainoaea?noaaiiue i?aai, inouanoaeythuee
ainoaea?noaaiioth ?aaeno?aoeeth iaaeaeaeeiinoe, iaycai i?aaeinoaaeoue
eioi?iaoeeth i i?iecaaaeaiiie ei ?aaeno?aoeee e ca?aaeno?e?iaaiiuo i?aa
ia ia?aeou iaaeaeaeeiinoe ethaiio eeoeo. Coa ii?ia aaconeiaii iicaieeo
nouanoaaiii nieceoue ?ene iaiaaeeaaeauaai niaa?oaiey naeaeie n ia?aeoaie
iaaeaeaeeiinoe aeey o/anoieeia a?aaeaeaineiai iai?ioa.
Naaiaiou ?uiea.
?uiie iaaeaeaeeiinoe a ?innee oieueei neeaaeuaaaony. A
eeanne/aneii aai iiieiaiee ii i?aaenoaaeai iau/ii a o?ao iniiaiuo
naaiaioao: ?uiie aeeeuo iiiauaiee, ?uiie caiaeueiuo o/anoeia, ?uiie
oeaiiuo aoiaa ia iaaeaeaeeiinoue. E i?eia?o, ?uiie aeeeuo iiiauaiee
i?aaeoniao?eaaao eae i?iaeaaeo, oae e a?aiaeo, e yenieoaoaoeeth. Yoio
?uiie ioaaouaaao iiiaieaa?oe?iua aeiia, iiaeiia iuia o ian eiooaaeaeiia
no?ieoaeuenoai e o.ae.
?acee/iua oi?iu nianoaaiiinoe: /anoiay, nianoaaiiinoue
aeoeeiia?iuo i?aaei?eyoee, ianoiay, ioieoeeiaeueiay e, iaeiiaoe,
oaaea?aeueiay. Ii?aaeaeeoue yooaeoeaiinoue oie eee eiie oi?iu i/aiue
neiaeii - ana caaeneo io eiie?aoiuo neooaoeee.
A oeaeii ?uiie aeeeuo iiiauaiee ?acaeo cia/eoaeueii aieueoa,
/ai ae?oaea naaiaiou. E yoi iiiyoii. Caeanue anoue oaea ii?aaeaeaiiay
caeiiiaeaoaeueiay aaca, ?aaoee?othuay i?ioeannu i?eaaoecaoeee aeeeuey,
iieo/aiey caiee aeey no?ieoaeuenoaa eiooaaeaeae e o.ae.
?uiie iaaeeeuo iiiauaiee i?aaenoaaeai a iniiaiii eiaaea-oi
aueoieaiiuie eee ?aeiino?oe?iaaiiuie iiiauaieyie, ia?aiai?oaeiaaiiuie
iiae ioenu. Ii a oiaea i?eaaoecaoeee iiyaeyaony ana aieueoa ia?aeoia,
eioi?ua naeathony a aeieain?i/ioth a?aiaeo eee i?iaeathony n aoeoeeiiia
oiiaeaie eiouanoaa , o.a. ianoiuie i?aaiaie oi?aaeaiey. Ia aoi?ii yoaia
i?eaaoecaoeee ?uiie iaaeaeaeeiinoe iiiieieony i?iiuoeaiiuie ia?aeoaie e
a aua aieueoae noaiaie ia?aeoaie oi?aiai-na?aeniiai iacia/aiey.
Iinea aaaaeaiey i?aaa /anoiie nianoaaiiinoe ia iaaeaeaeeiia
eiouanoai e i?iaaaeaiey i?eaaoecaoeee a ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee
ainoaea?noai ia?anoaei auoue aaeeinoaaiiui nianoaaiieeii iiaeaaeythuaai
/enea ia?aeoia iaaeaeaeeiinoe, /oi iineoaeeei ia/aeo oi?ie?iaaiey ?uiea
iaaeaeaeeiinoe.
N 1992 aiaea a ?uii/iue iai?io iaaeaeaeeiinoe noaee
aiaeaeaoueny caiaeueiua o/anoee. I?aai /anoiie nianoaaiiinoe ia caieth
auei cae?aieaii Eiinoeoooeeae ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee. I?aaenoieo
ooi/ieoue e ?aca?aie/eo aeaeu nianoaaiiinoe ia caieth: oaaea?aeueioth,
ianoioth, (e?aaa, iaeanoae) , ioieoeeiaeueioth, /anoioth e niaoaiiua, a
o. /. eieeaeoeaioth. Ana yoe nianoaaiiinoe, anoanoaaiii, eiatho i?aai ia
nouanoaiaaiea, ii iaiaoiaeeii onoaiiaeoue niioaaonoaothuea i?ioeaaeo?u
eae eniieueciaaiey, oae e eoiee-i?iaeaaee e eiiai ?anii?yaeaiey caieae.
Oe?ieea ia?niaeoeau ioe?uaathony e aeey ?uiea oeaiiuo aoiaa ia
iaaeaeaeeiinoue. Oae, oeacii I?aceaeaioa ?O i ?aaoee?iaaiee ?uiea
oeaiiuo aoiaa a ea/anoaa oaeiaie i?eciai aeeeeuiue na?oeoeeao.
Caiaeueiue ?uiie.
I?e ia?iiiii caiaeueiii iioaioeeaea ?innee oe?ie?ianooaaiay
ieaoiay i?eaaoecaoeey caiee naea?aeeaaaony ieceie ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoueth
?inneeneeo a?aaeaeai e i?aaei?eyoee. iiiuoee ?aoeoue yoo i?iaeaio /a?ac
aanieaoioth ia?aaea/oeee /a?ac auione caiaeueiuo i?eaaoecaoeeiiiuo /aeia
oiaea /?aaaou na?ueaciuie io?eoeaoaeueiuie iineaaenoaeyie. Ianniauo
niaeoeyoeee caieae e caiaeueiuie /aeaie i?e yoii ia ecaaaeaoue.
Eiouanoaaiiua i?aaa ia caieth , oaeei ia?acii, /a?ac iaeioi?ia a?aiy
aoaeoo nin?aaeioi/aiu a ?oeao e?oiiuo aaieia e eiino?aiiuo th?eaee/aneeo
eeoe.
Ia ia?aii yoaia eae a ia?a?iii, oae e i?iiuoeaiiii naeoi?a, a
ea/anoaa iniiaiie oi?iu caieaiieueciaaiey iiaeao auoue nio?aiaia a?aiaea
caiee n i?iaii aa iineaaeothuaai aueoia, n eiio?ieai ainoaea?noaaiiuo
i?aaiia ca aa eniieueciaaieai e i?aaii ec?yoee a neo/aa ia?ooaiey
onoaiiaeaiiuo i?aaee aeey i?iaeaaee ae?oaei caieaaeaaeaeueoeai eee
caieaiieueciaaoaeyi.
Iaeiia?aiaiii aeieaeiu oeaeaiai?aaeaiii ecuneeaaoueny
caiaeueiua ?aca?au aeey ?aoaiey eeth/aauo caaea/, oaeeo eae aeeeeuiia e
aea/iia no?ieoaeuenoai, i?eai?iaeiia naaeiaiaenoai, oa?ia?noai,
i?iiuoeaiiia e eiia no?ieoaeuenoai. Aeey nicaeaiey Oaeeo ?aca?aia
aeieaeiu auoue ?ac?aaioaiu e a e?ao/aeoee n?ie ocaeiiaiu i?ioeaaeo?u
ec?yoey caiaeue o oauoi/iuo eieoicia e niaoicia n ia?yaeaieai eo
aaie?ioaie, ec?yoey caiaeue o oao i?aaei?eyoee e i?aaiecaoeee, eioi?ua
ia iaania/eaatho ii?iaoeaiuon?ieia inaiaiey i?aaeinoaaeaiiuo ei ?aiaa
aeey no?ieoaeuenoaa eee eiuo oeaeae ieiuaaeie. Eiaiii yoe caiee aeieaeiu
noaoue oai enoi/ieeii ioe?uoie aoeoeeiiiie e eiieo?niie i?iaeaaee,
eioi?ay aoaeao ?aaeueii iaiieiyoue oaaea?aeueiue e ianoiue athaeaeao ia
neiaiee/aneeie noiiaie eee i?eaaoecaoeeiiiuie /aeaie, a iieiiaaniuie
aeaiueaaie.
?acia?u caiaeueiiai o/anoea e ae?oaie
iaaeaeaeeiinoe.
Iiiuoee caeiiiaeaoaeueii ia?aie/eoue ?acia?u caiaeueiuo o/anoeia
e ae?oaie iaaeaeaeeiinoe, iaoiaeyuaeny a nianoaaiiinoe iaeiiai eeoea, ii
iiaieth iiiaeo niaoeeaeenoia ii?iaeaeaiu no?aieaieai aaeieieno?aoeaiiai
?aoaiey aaaeiaeoeo i?iaeai nioeeaeueiiai ?aaainoaa. Aianoa n oai ai?ueaa
n eaoeooiaeeciii a ie?iaie i?aeoeea aaaeaony i?aeiouanoaaiii n iiiiuueth
iaeiaiaiai iaoaiecia. Naii i?aai /anoiie nianoaaiiinoe i?aaeiieaaaao,
/oi aeaaeaeaoe eaieoaea iiaeao i?eia?anoe noieueei iaaeaeaeeiinoe ,
neieueei iiaeaeaao. Ii iaycai oiea/eaaoue ana onoaiiaeaiiua iaeiae a
aeaea i?ioeaioa io aa noieiinoe. Iiyoiio a iauai neo/aa yoi aeaeaao
iaauaiaeiui i?eia?aoaieai a nianoaaiiinoue aieueoeo iaaeaeia caiee, anee
iie eniieuecothony iayooaeoeaii.
*ai auoa noieiinoue ia?aeoa iaaeaeaeeiinoe, oai aieueoa noiia
iaeiaa ia iaai. Eiaiii ec yoiai iaeiaa, iinooiathuaai a ianoiue
athaeaeao, iiea/eaaaony no?ieoaeuenoai aei?ia, nicaeaiea eio?ano?oeoo? e
iiiaia ae?oaia, /oi iicaieyao ianoiiio niiauanoao aa?iiie/ii
?acaeaaaony, a eaaeaeiio ioaeaeueiiio nianoaaiieeiio nicaeaao
aeaaii?eyoioth n?aaeo aeey i?iaeeaaiey eee i?iecaiaenoaaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe aac iiiao ie?oaeathuei.
Anee nianoaaiiee ia a ninoiyiee yooaeoeaii eniieueciaaoue naith
iaaeaeaeeiinoue, o.a. iia ia i?eiineo i?eauee, oi iaeia ieacuaaaony
/?acia?ii aaeee, e iaaeaeaeeiinoue i?eoiaeeony i?iaeaaaoue. Noa?ue
aeaaeaeaoe iieo/aao ca iaa ?uii/ioth noieiinoue, eoi-oi ae?oaie aoaeao
aioia e oieaoa aunieiai iaeiaa, iaania/ea aieaa yooaeoeaiia
eniieueciaaiea. Oae caiaeueiue o/anoie, eee ia?aeo iaaeaeaeeiinoe,
?auae?aao? naaa nianoaaiieea.
Aianoa n oai, Annioeeaoeey e?anoueyineeo e oa?ia?neeo oicyenoa
?innee, aeoeaii aunooiathuay ca noaiiaeaiea ?uiea caiee, ana aea
i?aaeeaaaao o/anoue naiaia?acea ia?aoiaeiiai ia?eiaea e ia?aie/eoue
i?aaeae ia?aaeaaaaiie a nianoaaiiinoue caiee 50 aaeoa?aie. I?e yoii
ieiuaaee iiae a?aiaeie ia ia?aie/eaathony - eaaeaeue aa iiaeao acyoue
noieueei, neieueei niiaeao ia?aaioaoue. I?e ianoaeaeaiee i?iaeoia
Caiaeueiiai eiaeaena yenia?ou au/eacuaatho iiaiey i iaoeaeaniia?aciinoe
onoaiiaeaiey iaeneiaeueiuo n?iea a?aiaeu e aaee/eiu a?aiaeiie ieaou.
Ii?iu aeaaeaiey caieae e i?aaeinoaaeaiey
caiaeueiuo o/anoeia a?aaeaeaiai.
A niioaaonoaee n Caiaeueiui eiaeaenii ?NON? (noaouey 36)
i?aaeaeueiua ?acia?u caiaeueiuo o/anoeia aeey eiaeeaeaeoaeueiiai
aeeeeuiiai no?ieoaeuenoaa e ee/iiai iiaeniaiiai oicyenoaa
onoaiiaeeaathony niioaaonoaothueie i?aaiaie ianoiie aaeieieno?aoeee
(naeueneie, iinaeeiaie, ai?iaeneie). Eaaeaeiio aeaaeaeueoeo caiaeueiiai
o/anoea auaeaaony Naeaeaoaeuenoai ia i?aai nianoaaiiinoe ia caieth,
eioi?ia iiaeeaaeeo ?aaeno?aoeee a ?aaeno?aoeeiiiie (iicaiaeueiie)
eieaa. Naeaeaoaeuenoai neoaeeo iniiaaieai i?e niaa?oaiee naeaeie
eoiee-i?iaeaaee, caeiaa, a?aiaeu e ae?oaeo iia?aoeee ii aeaaeaieth e
?anii?yaeaieth o/anoeii. Ii?aaeaeaia niaoeeaeueiay oi?ia
Naeaeaoaeuenoaa.
I?e ia?ae/iii i?aaeinoaaeaiee caiaeueiiai o/anoea
Naeaeaoaeuenoai auaeaaony eiieoaoii ii caiaeueiui ?ano?nai e
caieaono?ienoao ii ?aoaieth ianoiie aaeieieno?aoeee. I?e eoiea-iiaeaaea
caiaeueiuo o/anoeia e a ae?oaeo neo/ayo ia?aoiaea i?aaa nianoaaiiinoe ia
caieth, Naeaeaoaeuenoai auaeaaony oeacaiiui eiieoaoii ia iniiaaiee
aeiaiai?a eoiee-i?iaeaaee (eoi/ae) eee eiuo iiaeoaa?aeaeathueo
aeieoiaioia. E eoi/ae i?eeaaaaony ieai o/anoea. Eoi/ay aac iaai ia
iiaeeaaeeo ?aaeno?aoeee.
Naeaeaoaeuenoaa i i?aaeinoaaeaiee caiaeueiuo o/anoeia a
nianoaaiiinoue, auaeaiiua aei 27 ieoya?y 1993a., yaeythony aeieoiaioaie
iinoiyiiiai aeaenoaey, oaeinoiaa?ythueie i?aaa nianoaaiiinoe, e eiatho
?aaioth caeiiioth neeo n aiiaue auaeaaaaiuie Naeaeaoaeuenoaaie.
Aeieoiaiou, iiaeoaa?aeaeathuea i?aaa nianoaaiiinoe, auaeaiiua
iinea anooieaiey a neeo Oeaca I?aceaeaioa ?O io 271093a. ? 1767 i?aaiaie
eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe e ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey aac ?aaeno?aoeee a
?aeiiiii (ai?iaeneii) Eiieoaoa ii caiaeueiui ?ano?nai e caieaono?ienoao,
yaeythony iaaeaenoaeoaeueiuie.
A?aaeaeaia ni Naeaeaoaeuenoaaie i aann?i/iii eee iiaeeciaiiii
aeaaeaiee eiatho i?aai ia ia?a?aaeno?aoeeth e iieo/aiea naieo o/anoeia a
iaeioth nianoaaiiinoue a niioaaonoaee n ii?iaie, onoaiiaeaiiuie ianoiuie
i?aaiaie aeanoe. ?aca?in ii?i aeey aanieaoiie i?eaaoecaoeee iiaeao auoue
cia/eoaeueiui, io 6 nioie e auoa. Aueoi naa?oii?iaoeaiie caiee
inouanoaeyaony ii aeiaiai?iie oeaia, yoa caiey iiaeao oaeaea iiea auoue
inoaaeaia a iiaeeciaiiii ianeaaeoaiii aeaaeaiee.
A i?ioeaaeo?a ioi?ieaiey i?aa nianoaaiiinoe iao ie/aai
neiaeiiai: niioaaonoaothuaa cayaeaiea a i?aaiu ianoiie aaeieieno?aoeee
iiaeeaaeeo ?anniio?aieth a iany/iue n?ie n iiiaioa aai iiaea/e; ?aoaiea
(auienea ec ?aoaiey) i?aaia ianoiie aaeieieno?aoeee iiaeeaaeeo auaea/a a
7-aeiaaiue n?ie n iiiaioa i?eiyoey ?aoaiey; auaea/a eiieoaoaie ii
caiaeueiui ?ano?nai e caieaono?ienoao Naeaeaoaeuenoaa i?iecaiaeeony ia
iniiaaiee ?aoaiey i?aaiia ianoiie aaeieieno?aoeee a 10-aeiaaiue n?ie n
iiiaioa i?eiyoey ?aoaiey eee ?aaeno?aoeee aeiaiai?a eoiee-i?iaeaaee.
I?e ionoonoaee /a?oaaea a?aieoe caiaeueieai o/anoea
niioaaonoaothuee Eiieoao ii caiaeueiui ?ano?nai e caieaono?ienoao a
iany/iue n?ie iinea auaea/e Naeaeaoaeuenoaa i?iecaiaeeo onoaiiaeaiea e
ioi?ieaiea a?aieoe caiaeueiiai o/anoea e auaeaao nianoaaiieeo eiieth
/a?oaaea aai a?aieoe.
I?e eoiea-i?iaeaaea i?aai nianoaaiiinoe ia o/anoie ia?aoiaeeo
io i?iaeaaoea e iieoiaoaeth n iiiaioa ?aaeno?aoeee ?aeiiiui (ai?iaeneei)
Eiieoaoii ii caiaeueiui ?ano?nai e caieaono?ienoao iioa?eaeueii
oaeinoiaa?aiiie eoi/ae.
I?aai nianoaaiiinoe iieoiaoaey ia caieth ?aaeno?e?oaony ianoiie
aaeieieno?aoeeae. i?e yoii aeieoiaio, oaeinoiaa?ythuee i?aai
nianoaaiiinoe i?iaeaaoea ia o/anoie, oo?a/eaaao neeo e a iaai aiinyony
iaiaoiaeeiua eciaiaiey , a iieoiaoaeth o/anoea auaeaaony aeieoiaio,
oaeinoiaa?ythuee i?aai nianoaaiiinoe.
Oeaeaaia iacia/aiea e ciie?iaaiea.
Caiey eae iai?aiaiiue oaeoi? i?iecaiaenoaa eiaao ?yae
nouanoaaiiuo iniaaiiinoae, eioi?ua iaeuecy ia o/eouaaoue i?e anao oi?iao
oicyenoaiaaiey. Yoi ia?aie/aiiinoue caiaeueiuo o/anoeia, caaeneiinoue
yooaeoeaiinoe eo eniieueciaaiey io ianoiiieiaeaiey, i?e?iaeiuo naienoa,
?aeueaoa ianoiinoe e o.i. Anoue naie iniaaiiinoe e a i?aaiaii ?aaeeia
eniieueciaaiey caiaeue, aeeth/ay eo iacia/aiea, ia?aiaiaiey e
ia?aie/aiey a eo eniieueciaaiee.
Ii naiaio oeaeaaiio iacia/aieth caiee iau/ii aeaeyony ia naiue
eaoaai?ee: caiee ianaeaiiuo ioieoia, naeueneioicyenoaaiiua,
i?iiuoeaiiinoe, i?e?iaeiio?aiiua, aiaeiiai oiiaea, eaniiai oiiaea,
caiana. Caiaeueiua o/anoee iiae i?eaaoece?iaaiiuie i?aaei?eyoeyie, eae
i?aaeei, iaoiaeyony ia oa??eoi?ee ai?iaeia e oai naiui ioiinyony e
caieyi ianaeaiiuo ioieoia.
Oa??eoi?eaeueiia ciie?iaaiea ai anai ie?a ii?aaeaeyaony ia
o?iaia ioieoeeiaeenoia, ianoiuo i?aaiia aeanoe. Ai?aaeue aei i?eiyoey o
ian niioaaonoaothuaai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa ioa??eoi?eieueiiai ciie?iaaiey
i?aai nianoaaiieea caiaeueiiai o/anoea ia ethaia ?ac?aoaiiia aai
eniieueciaaiea, i?aaeiieaaaao i?aai eniieueciaaoue o/anoie aianoa n
?aniieiaeaiiuie ia iai caeaieyie, no?iaieyie, nii?oaeaieyie anaie
niiniaaie, ia i?ioeai?a/aueie ia?aie/aieyie, onoaiiaeaiiui
niioaaonoaothuei i?aaiii aeanoe (i?aaiaie ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey) a
niioaaonoaee n aeaenoothuei caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii e ooaa?aeaeaiiuie
no?ieoaeueiuie, naieoa?iuie, i?e?iaeiio?aieoaeueiuie, i?ioeaiiiaea?iuie
ia?iaie.
I?e yoii ia aeiioneaaony onoaiiaeaiea oeaeaaiai(aaeeinoaaiiiai)
niiniaa eniieueciaaiey ia?aeoa iaaeaeaeeiinoe, a oii /enea caiaeueiiai
o/anoea, a oaeaea onoaiiaeaiea ia?aie/aiee ia eniieueciaaiea
ioaeaeueiiai o/anoea.
E na?aeoooai - ia?aie/aieyi i?aa nianoaaiieea o/anoea a iieueco
eiuo eeoe, -eioi?ua i?aaeoniio?aiu Iniiaiuie iieiaeaieyie
Ainoaea?noaaiiie i?ia?aiiu i?eaaoecaoeee iinea 1 ethey 1994a. aeey
cano?iaiiuo o/anoeia, ioiinyony:
- aacaiciacaeiia e aani?aiyonoaaiiia eniieueciaaiea ia?aeoia
iauaai iieueciaaiey (iaoaoiaeiua e aaoiiiaeeueiua aei?iae, eioi?ua
nouanoaiaaee ia iiiaio ia?aaea/e caiaeueiuo o/anoeia a nianoaaiiinoue)
- aiciiaeiinoue ?aciauaiey ia o/anoea iaaeaauo e aaiaeace/aneeo
ciaeia e iiae?acaeia e iei;
- aiciiaeiinoue aeinooia ia o/anoie niioaaonoaothueo
ioieoeeiaeueiuo neoaea aeey ?aiiioa ia?aeoia eio?ano?oeoo?u.
Na?aeooou oeene?othony a ?aaeno?aoeeiiiuo aeieoiaioao e iinyo
iaycaoaeueiue (ioaee/iua) e aeiaiai?iue (ee/iua) oa?aeoa?.
Oioy caeiiiaeaoaeueii iaoaieci na?aeoooia iiea ia ii?aaeaeai,
/oi iaaeaaii?eyoii neacuaaaony ia i?aaiaii ?aaeeia eniieueciaaiey caiee
a oeaeii, iaeioi?ua ii?iu iiaeii oaea n/eoaoue aeaoenoaothueie. Oae
nianoaaiieeo caiaeueiiai o/anoea i?aaeinoaaeaii i?aai aacaiciacaeiiai
iieo/aiey a naith nianoaaiiinoue oie /anoe ia?aeoia eio?ano?oeoo?u,
eioi?ay eniieuecoaony eneeth/eoaeueii aeey iaania/aiey i?eiaaeeaaeaueo
aio iaaeoia iaaeaeaeeiinoe. No?ieoaeuenoai iiauo ia?aeoia eio?ano?oeoo?u
(i?ieeaaeea yeaeo?ieaaaeae, aiaeii?iaiaea, aacii?iaiaeia e o.i.) ,
eioi?ia iiaeao iaianoe oua?a /anoiiio nianoaaiieeo, ?ac?aoaii
i?iecaiaeeoue oieueei ia eiiiainaoeeiiiie iniiaa.
N eneeth/aieai ec aeaenoaothuaai Caiaeueiiai eiaeaena noaouee,
i?aaeoniao?eaathuae iniiaaiey aeey i?ae?auaiey i?aaa nianoaaiiinoe,
iniaoth ino?ioo i?eia?aee aii?inu ec?yoey caiaeueiuo o/anoeia o
aeia?iniaanoiuo caieaiieueciaaoaeae. Ana ianoie/eaaa auaeaeaathony
o?aaiaaiey i caeiiiaeaoaeueiii aaaaeaiee no?iaeaeuae ia?niiaeueiie
ioaaonoaaiiinoe ca ii?/o caiee.
Caiey iiae i?eaaoece?iaaiiuie
i?aaei?eyoeyie.
Oeacii I?aceaeaioa ?O ? 631, aua a 1992 aiaeo, auei
i?iaicaeaoaii i?aai i?eaaoeceoiaaiiuo i?aaei?eyoee ia aueoi caiaeueiuo
o/anoeia iiae iei. Iaoaieci oaeiai aueoia ii?aaeaeai a Iniiaiuo
Iieiaeaieyo Ainoaea?noaaiiie i?ia?aiiu i?eaaoecaoeee iinea 1 ethey 1994
a.
Niaeanii yoei iieiaeaieyi - ethaie nianoaaiiee no?iaiey,
caeaiey, nii?oaeaiey eiaao i?aai ia aueoi caiaeueiiai o/anoea iiae yoei
caeaieai, no?iaieai, nii?oaeaieai. Oai naiui i?aiaeieaaaaony
i?ioeaianoanoaaiiia ?acaeaeaiea aaeeiiai aa?aeoa iaaeaeaeeiinoe ia
caeaiea e caiaeueiue o/anoie iiae iei.
Oieueei /anoiay nianoaaiiinoue ia aaeeiue ia?aeo iaaeaeaeeiinoe
(aeeth/ay caieth) iiaeao neoaeeoue aa?aioeae naiaiaeu eiiia?/aneiai
eniieueciaaiey iaaeaeaeeiiai eiouanoaa, aiaea/aiey anaai eiiieaena
aeoeaia a oicyenoaaiiue iai?io, eai iaaiciiaeii iia?e?iaaoue ia?aeoii
iaaeaeaeeiinoe (iai?eia?, iieo/eoue iiae iaai e?aaeeo) , anee ii ia
iaoiaeeony a iieiie nianoaaiiinoe.
I?aaei?eyoea-nianoaaiiee ai?aaa aueoiaoue naie caiaeueiue
o/anoie ii /anoyi. Yoi iiaoo auoue o/anoee iiae?acaeaeaiee i?aaei?eyoey,
?aniieiaeaiiua a ?acee/iuo /anoyo ai?iaea. Ii e aaeeiue o/anoie
i?aaei?eyoey iiaeii aueoiaoue iinoaiaiii: aaaeue i?aaei?eyoea yaeyaony
nianoaaiieeii anao ?aniieiaeaiiuo ia aai oa??eoi?ee caeaiee, a cia/eo
iii ai?aaa aueoiaoue o/anoee iiae eaaeaeui ec caeaiee a ioaeaeueiinoe a
oii ii?yaeea, eioi?ue nianoaaiieea ono?aeaaao. Oaeei ia?acii
i?aaei?eyoea iiaeao aueoieoue aanue caiaeueiue o/anoie eae au a
?ann?i/eo.
Aueoiiay oeaia caiaeueiiai o/anoea iiae i?aaei?eyoeai
Aii?in i oii, ii eaeie oeaia aueoiaaoy caiaeueiue o/anoie iiae
i?eaaoece?iaaiiui i?aaei?eyoeai, yaeyaony iaeiei ec aaaeiaeoeo aeey
nia?aiaiiiai yoaia i?eaaoecaoeee. Nouanoaoao iauay caeiiiaeaoaeueiay
ii?ia a ioiioaiee iiauo ii?iaoeaiuo aeoia, eioi?ua ia iiaoo eiaoue
ia?aoiiai aeaenoaey e a i?eioeeia ia aeieaeiu oooaeoaoue e ioiaiyoue oa
i?aaa, eioi?ua a?aaeaeaia e th?eaee/aneea eeoea eiaee ?aiaa.
Iinea auoiaea Oeaca I?aceaeaioa ?O ? 631 io 14 ethiy 1992 a.
?Ia ooaa?aeaeaiee Ii?yaeea i?iaeaaee caiaeueiuo o/anoeia i?e
i?eaaoecaoeee ainoaea?noaaiiuo e ioieoeeiaeueiuo i?aaei?eyoee,
?anoe?aiee e aeiiieieoaeueiii no?ieoaeuenoaa yoeo i?aaei?eyoee, a oaeaea
i?aaeinoaaeaiiuo a?aaeaeaiai e eo ia?aaeeiaieyi aeey
i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie aeayoaeueiinoe? e aieioue aei i?eiyoey Oeaca ?
1535 (ia ooaa?aeaeaiee Iniiaiuo Iieiaeaiee Ainoaea?noaaiiie i?ia?aiiu
i?eaaoecaoeee iinea 1 ethey 1994 aiaea) aeaenoaiaaea ii?ia, ii eioi?ie
caiey aueoiaeanue ii oeaia, ?aaiie ii?iaoeaiie. I?e yoii ii?iaoeaiay
oeaia anaaaea ii?aaeaeyaony ia aeaiue ooaa?aeaeaiey ieaia i?eaaoecaoeee
naiiai i?aaei?eyoey. ie aeiai ?aiueoa, ie aeiai iicaea.
Ia yoii yoaia ii?iaoeaiay oeaia caiee onoaiaaeeaaeanue eae
50-e?aoiue caiaeueiue iaeia, eioi?ue aue ii?aaeaeai ia oio iiiaio
Caeiiii ?I ieaoa ia caieth? ( n eciaiaieyie e aeiiieiaieyie). Niaeanii
yoiio caeiio, eaaeaeia i?aaei?eyoea iaycaii auei, e ia naaiaeiyoiee
aeaiue i?iaeieaeaao auoue iaycaiiui, ieaoeoue aeaa ?aca a aiae
caiaeueiue iaeia, e yoa oeeo?a aeey eaaeaeiai i?aaei?eyoey ecaanoia.
Oaeei ia?acii, aei 26 ethey 1994 aiaea aeaenoaiaaea oeacaiiay ii?ia.
Aueoiiay oeaia o/anoea auea ?aaia ii?iaoeaiie oeaia caiee e ?aaia
caiaeueiiio iaeiao ia 1993 aiae, oiiiaeaiiiio a 50 ?ac.
Iinea auoiaea Oeaca ? 1535 auea onoaiiaeaia ae?oaay ii?ia a
ioiioaiee noieiinoe aueoiaaiiai i?aaei?eyoeai caiaeueiiai o/anoea. Auei
ii?aaeaeaii , /oi ianoiay aaeieieno?aoeey ai?aaa onoaiaaeeaaoue ?acia?
aueoiiie oeaiu caiaeueiiai o/anoea a i?aaeaeao io iaeiie aei o?ao
aaee/ei ii?iaoeaiie oeaiu. Anee aaeieieno?aoeey ia i?eieiaea a oa/aiee
onoaiiaeaiiiai n?iea (1 ianyoe) ?aoaiey i iiauoaiee aueoiiie oeaiu
caiee, oi aa oeaia inoaaaeanue i?aaeiae, oi anoue ?aaiie ii?iaoeaiie.
13 aaaonoa 1994 aiaea auee iioaeeeiaaiu iii?aaee e caeiio ?I
ieaoa ca caieth?. Yoei caeiiii aue onoaiiaeai eiie caiaeueiue iaeia ia
1994 aiae, oaaee/aiiue aeey ai?iaeneeo caiaeue a 50 ?ac e o?iaith 1991
aiaea. Oaeei ia?acii, anee ieai i?eaaoecaoeee i?aaei?eyoey ooaa?aeaeai
iinea 13 aaaonoa 1994 aiaea, oi ?an/ao oeaiu aueoiaaiiai caiaeueiiai
o/anoea i?iecaiaeeony ii oi?ioea; aaee/eia caiaeueiiai iaeiaa ia iiiaio
ooaa?aeaeaiey ieaia i?eaaoecaoeee, oiiiaeaiiay ia 50 e oiiiaeaiiay ia
eiyooeoeeaio io 1 aei 3-o.
Iioaeeeiaaiiia 12 iiya?y 1994 aiaea Iinoaiiaeaiea
I?aaeoaeuenoaa ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee i oii, /oi ii?iaoeaiay oeaia caiee
?aaia 200-e?aoiiio caiaeueiiio iaeiao, anooieei a aeaenoaea eiaiii n
oiai aeiy, oi anoue oieueei n 12 iiya?y 1994 aiaea e oieueei aeey oao
i?aaei?eyoee, ieaiu i?eaaoecaoeee eioi?uo aoaeoo ooaa?aeaeaoueny iinea
yoie aeaou. Eaoaai?e/anee iai?aaiia?ii ?ani?ino?aiyoue iiaoth aieaa
aunieoth ii?iaoeaioth, a cia/eo e aueoiioth oeaio caiee ia oa
i?aaei?eyoey, ieaiu i?eaaoecaoeee eioi?uo ooaa?aeaeaiu aei yoie naiie
aeaou.
Ecaanoii, /oi n?aaenoa o i?aaei?eyoee e iiauo nianoaaiieeia
aeey aueoia caiaeueiuo o/anoeia ia oaaoaao. Ii oaeaea iiiyoii, /oi aueoi
caiaeueiuo o/anoeia - aauue iaiaoiaeeiay. Oaeei ia?acii, ?aoaiea
i?aaeoaeuenoaa ? 1204 i iiauoaiee ii?iaoeaiie oeaiu caiee, eioi?ia,
anoanoaaiii, iiaeeaaeeo anaiauaio eniieiaieth, i?aaenoaaeyaony aanueia e
aanueia nii?iui n oi/ee c?aiey yeiiiie/aneie yooaeoeaiinoe. Anee
iinoaaeaia caaea/a ia?aoiaea e iiaui yeiiiie/aneei ioiioaieyi, oi ioaeii
noeioee?iaaoue i?iaeaaeo caiaeueiuo o/anoeia e nicaeaiea aaeeiuo
ia?aeoia iaaeaeaeeiinoe.
Aieaa oiai, anee ianoiua i?aaiu aeanoe ainiieuecothony anaie
i?aaaie, eioi?ua i?aaeinoaaeaiu ei naaiaeiy Oeacii ? 1535 e
Iinoaiiaeaieai ? 1204, aeey iiauoaiey ii?iaoeaiie e aueoiiie oeaiu
caiaeueiuo o/anoeia, oi neooaoeey aoaeao aeiaaaeaia aei aano?aea.
Ii?iaoeaiay oeaia, ninoaaeythuay 75% io ?uii/iiai o?iaiy oeai e
oaaee/aiiay aua ia 20%, aoaeao oiiiaeaia ia eiyooeoeeaio 3. Oiaaea
o/anoie caiee iiae i?aaei?eyoeai aeoaeao i?aaeeaaaoueny aeanoyie ia
i?iaeaaeo ii aueoiiie oeaia, ii/oe o?iae?aoii i?aauoathuae ?uii/ioth,
neiaeeaoothny ii ?acoeueoaoai naeaeie n caieae aiaeiae/iiai ea/anoaa.
Niaa?oaiii i/aaeaeii - iieoiaoaeae ia oaeie o/anoie i?eaeaony eneaoue
aeieai e aaeaa ee oaeanony iaeoe aiiaua.
Yooaeoeaiinoue aueoia o/anoea
Aueoi o/anoea iiae i?aaei?eyoeai o?aaoao aeiaieueii
cia/eoaeueiiai ioaea/aiey n?aaenoa e, ii e?aeiae ia?a, ia a?aiy
nie?auaao eiaanoeoeeiiioth aaco i?aaei?eyoey. I?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue
yoiai ia?eiaea caaeneo io aeoeaiinoe aeaenoaee ?oeiaiaenoaa i?aaei?eyoey
, oae e io ?uii/iie noieiinoe caiaeueiiai o/anoea, a oaeaea aa?eaioia
aai naiaiaeiiai eiiia?/aneiai eniieueciaaiey. Aeiaeaiiua n?aaenoaa iiaoo
auoue aeiaieueii auno?i aica?auaiu eee i?eaea/aiu ecaia iiae iieo/aiioth
caiaeueioth nianoaaiiinoue.
A e?aoein?i/iii ieaia yooaeo caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi
i?aaeoniio?aiiay caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii e oaeoe/anee neeaaeuaathuayny a
i?ioeanna i?iaeaaee oeaia caiaeueiuo o/anoeia i?eaaoece?iaaiiuo
i?aaei?eyoee, eae i?aaeei, aeecea e ii?iaoeaiie e ii ioeaieai yenia?oia
ieaea ?uii/iie ia iaeei - aeaa ii?yaeea. Eiay aiciiaeiinoue ?aieeciaaoue
/anoue o/anoea eae niaeoeyoeaiue aeoea, i?aaei?eyoea ieacuaaaony a
ianiiiaiiii auea?aoa.
A aeieain?i/iii ieaia yooaeo ninoieo a ?an/aoa ia iaecaaaeiue
yeiiiie/aneee iiae?ai, eiaaea noieiinoue iaaeaeaeeiinoe aoaeao ?anoe a
neeo oaaee/aiey ni?ina e ia?aie/aiiinoe niioaaonoaothuaai i?aaeeiaeaiey.
Aeieain?i/iue ?an/ao naycai oaeaea n aa?eaioaie eiiia?/aneiai
eniieueciaaiey caiaeueiie nianoaaiiinoe.
A oeaeii aiaeec iioeaaoeee aueoia caiee e
iinoi?eaaoecaoeeiiiiai iiaaaeaiey i?aaei?eyoee iicaieyao naeaeaoue
auaiae, /oi i?aeiouanoaaiiia cia/aiea eiatho iioeau i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai
eniieueciaaiey caiee. A cia/eoaeueiie ia?a yoi ia?yniyaony
ia?acaeoinoueth aoi?e/iiai caiaeueiiai ?uiea. Ii n ae?oaie noi?iiu,
aeaiiia ianoiyoaeuenoai naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i iiceoeaiii iaia?aiee
i?aaei?eyoee aeoeaii eniieueciaaoue caiaeueiua ?ano?nu a oicyenoaaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe.
?uiie aeeeuey.
Iioaioeeaeueii ianooaau yoiai ?uiea ia?iiiu. Ia iaiaa 90
i?ioeaioia aeeeuey ai anyeie, eae yoi i?eiyoi aiai?eoue, oeeaeeeciaaiiie
no?aia iieoiaaony naaiaeiy a ?ann?i/eo.
Iniaaiii oe?ieea ianooaau ?uiie aeeeuey a ?innee i?eia?ae a
?acoeueoaoa i?eaaoecaoeee eaa?oe?. Aanieaoiay, eae a Iineaa, eee
eueaioiay, eae a ae?oaeo ai?iaeao, ia?aaea/a eaa?oe? a /anoioth
nianoaaiiinoue nicaeaea aeey aeaaeaeueoeaa iiaua aiciiaeiinoe aeey
iia?aoeee n yoei aeaeii iaaeaeaeeiinoe.
Aianoa n oai ?acaeeenue e oi?iu eoiee-i?iaeaaee eaa?oe? e
ae?oaeo aeaeia aeeeuey. N?aaee yoeo oi?i ana aieueoaa ?ani?ino?aiaiea
iieo/aao i?eia?aoaiea eaa?oe? a ?ann?i/eo. Iaaei ioiaoeoue, /oi ia
Caiaaea ii/oe any iaaeaeaeeiinoue, iaoiaeyuayny o ianaeaiey, ia?aiaiaia
aeieaaie , iaiaoiaeeiinoueth auieaou noieiinoe aeeeuey a ?ann?i/eo. A
?innee a ?acoeueoaoa i?eaaoecaoeee eaaeaeue a?aaeaeaiei noae
aeaaeaeueoeai iaaeaeaeeiuo aeoeaia (eaa?oe?u, naaeiaua e aea/iua
caiaeueiua o/anoee), ia ia?aiaiaiiuo aeieaaie. Iiyoiio ?inneeneea
a?aaeaeaia ieacuaathony a yoii ioiioaiee a cia/eoaeueii eo/oai
iieiaeaiee, /ai a?aaeaeaia ae?oaeo no?ai.
Aianoa n oai, ana yoi aeiiieiyony e aiiaue ioe?uaoeieny
aiciiaeienoyie i?eia?aoaiey aeeeuey a e?aaeeo. Ae?aooea noaia caeanue
oaeiaa.
Iaoa?eaeueiui iaania/aieai e?aaeeoiaaiey neoaeeo naia eaa?oe?a.
Aei iiaaoaiey e?aaeeoa iieoiaoaeue th?eaee/anee yaeyaony oieueei aa
a?aiaeaoi?ii. Iieoiaoaeue n?aco aea aueeaaeuaaao ia?aue aciin - ieiei 30
i?ioeaioia; inoaeueiua 70 auiea/eaaao aaie, n eioi?ui caeeth/ai
niioaaonoaothuee aeiaiai? o ?eyeoi?neie oe?iu.
Aaie eee aai aei/a?iyy oe?ia inouanoaeytho nai? aeieoiaioia,
caieiathony ioi?ieaieai naeaeee eoiee-i?iaeaaee, inouanoaeytho ?an/aou n
i?iaeaaoeii e o.ae. Iiyoiio ?acia? eiienneiiiuo , iai?eia?, ii Iineaa
aeinoeaaao 13 i?ioeaioia ?uii/iie oeaiu eaa?oe?u. Yoe cao?aou
ii?aaaeaiu, anee naeaeea ioi?ieyaony n o/anoeai iaaeaaeiuo i?aaiecaoeee,
oae eae aeeeeuiue ?uiie ca iineaaeiea ianyoeu i?eia?ae iaeioi?ue
e?eieiaeueiue iooaiie.
Aieueoia eiee/anoai e?eieiaeueiuo neooaoeee aicieeaao a nayce n
iaee/eai i?aeoe/anee a eaaeaeie naeaeea ?eaauo? aeieea?ia, ia?aaeaaaaiuo
ec ?oe a ?oee iinea caaa?oaiey i?ioeaaeo?u ioeoeeaeueiie ?aaeno?aoeee.
?Eaaua? aeieea?u - yoi, eae i?aaeei, ?acieoea iaae?o ?uii/iie
oeaiie eaa?oe?u e oie noiiie, a eioi?oth iia auea ioeaiaia AOE. Iiyoiio
ia iaaei auoue niaoeeaeenoii, /oiau iiiyoue: aeey eeeaeaeaoeee ?eaauo?
i?aaenoieo aua?aoue iaeei ec aeaoo iooae: eeai eiina?aaoeaiue iooue -
i?eaeeceoue ioeaii/ioth i?aeoeeo AOE e ?aaeueiui oneiaeyi ?aiea; eeai
?aaeeeaeueiue iooue - ioeacaoueny io yoie i?aeoeee e ia?aeoe ia eiua
oi?iu eiio?iey ca cayai/iie oeaiie iaaeaeaeeiinoe.
Iinoiyiii iiauoathueany eiyooeoeeaiou i?eaeeaeatho ioeaiee AOE
e ?uii/iui oeaiai ia ii aeiyi, a ii /anai.
N aeioiaeia, ia eioi?ua eiaaea-oi auea eoieaia a?aaeaeaieiii
eaa?oe?a (eee eiay nianoaaiiinoue, eioi?ay aiineaaenoaee iiaeao auoue
i?iaeaia), oaea au/oaiu ana aiciiaeiua iaeiae. Iiyoiio ie n eaeie oi/ee
c?aiey i?iaeaaea eiouanoaa ia iiaeao n/eoaoueny oaeoii iieo/aiey
aeiiieieoaeueiiai aeioiaea; yoi oieueei eciaiaiea oi?iu i?eiaaeeaaeauae
a?aaeaeaieio nianoaaiiinoe. E aceiaiea iaeiaa n noiiu oaeiai eciaiaiey
yaeyao niaie aoi?e/iia ia/eneaiea iaeiaa ia iaeei e oio aea aeioiae.
?uii/iia ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiea eaa?oe? iicaieeei oeo/oeoue
eniieueciaaiea aeeeiai oiiaea, noeioee?iaaei ?annaeaiea /anoe
eiiioiaeueiuo eaa?oe?, iicaieeei io/anoe ?aoeoue aeeeeuioth i?iaeaio.
A oeaeii aeeeeuiay i?iaeaia ia oieueei nio?aiyaony, ii e
oneeeaaaony. Yoiio niinianoaoao iinoiyiiue i?eoie a ?inneth aaaeaioeaa e
auioaeaeaiiuo yiea?aioia ec no?ai aeeaeiaai ca?oaaaeuey.
Eniieueciaaiea eaa?oe? a iaaeeeuo oeaeyo.
Iinea i?eaaoecaoeee cia/eoaeueiie aeiee aeeeiai naeoi?a a
ai?iaeao iaino?eeanue i?iaeaia eniieueciaaiey eaa?oe?, iaoiaeyueony a
nianoaaiiinoe, ia ii i?yiiio iacia/aieth.
?acoiaaony, eniieueciaaiea aeeeuo iiiauaiee, iaoiaeyueony a
nianoaaiiinoe a?aaeaeai e th?eaee/aneeo eeoe, iiae iaaeeeua oeaee - aeey
?aciauaiey a ieo ioenia, eiioi?, ianoa?neeo, au/eneeoaeueiuo oeaio?ia e
o.ae. - ioithaeue ia niinianoaoao ?aoaieth aeeeeuiie i?iaeaiu,
iineieueeo cia/eoaeueiay /anoue aeeeieiuaaee ecuiaaony ec
iauaai?iaeneiai oiiaea. Iaeiaei, niiniau ai?ueau n yoei ia?aie/eaatho
naiaiaeo nianoaaiieea e ca/anooth iinyo iacaeiiiue oa?aeoa?.
Aeaaea anee aeeeeuiay einiaeoeey eee i?aai ieeeoeee noiaao
onoaiiaeoue oaeo iaoeaeaaiai eniieueciaaiey eaa?oe?u e , ioi?iea aai
niioaaonoaothuei ia?acii, i?aaenoaaeo noaeo, oi o noaeae iao
th?eaee/aneeo iniiaaiee aeey oaeiaeaoai?aiey oaeiai enea. A niioaaonoaee
ni no. 6 Caeiia ?Ia iniiaao oaaea?aeueiie aeeeeuiie iieeoeee ?
nianoaaiiee iaaeaeaeeiinoe a aeeeeuiie noa?a eiaao i?aai a ii?yaeea,
onoaiiaeaiiii caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii, aeaaeaoue, iieueciaaoueny e
?anii?yaeaoueny ath, a oii /enea naeaaaoue a iaai, a?aiaeo, ioaeaaaoue a
caeia, a oeaeii e ii /anoyi e o.ae., anee i?e yoii ia ia?ooathony
aeaenoaothuea ii?iu, aeeeeuiua e eiua i?aaa e naiaiaeu ae?oaeo
a?aaeaeai, a oaeaea iauanoaaiiua eioa?anu. N?aaee iaycaiiinoae
nianoaaiieea i?e iieueciaaiee aeeeuie iiiauaieyie, onoaiiaeaiiuo no. 4
oiai aea caeiia, ionoonoaoao oaeay iaycaiiinoue, eae eniieueciaaiea
aeeeiai iiiauaiey ii iacia/aieth. I?aaaea caeanue iiaeii i?eiaieoue no.
7 AEeeeuiiai eiaeaena ?NON?, onoaiaaeeaathuoth, /oi aeeeua aeiia e
aeeeua iiiauaiey i?aaeiacia/athony aeey iinoiyiiiai i?iaeeaaiey
a?aaeaeai.
Ii a eo/oai neo/aa n o/aoii yoie noaouee ia iniiaaiee no. 48
A?aaeaeaineiai eiaeaena ?NON? oieueei aeiaiai? a?aiaeu aeeeiai iiiauaiey
iiaeao auoue i?eciai iaaeaenoaeoaeueiui, eae ia niioaaonoaothuee
o?aaiaaieyi caeiia. Ii ?anoi?aiooue, enoiaey ec yoiai, aeiaiai? i
ia?aaea/a a nianoaaiiinoue aeeeuey ia i?aaenoaaeyaony aiciiaeiui,
iineieueeo ie a iaeiii caeiiiaeaoaeueiii aeoa (a yoi aeieaeai auoue
oieueei caeii, a ia ?anii?yaeaiea iy?a eee iinoaiiaeaiea i?aaeoaeuenoaa)
ia niaea?aeeony oaeiai i?aaiaiai iniiaaiey.
Ionoonoaea /aoeie ii?iaoeaiie aacu i?eaiaeeo e oiio, /oi aeaaea
noaeaaiua i?aaiu iiae/an ia a ninoiyiee ?acia?aoueny, eoi e ia eaeeo
iniiaaieyo iaeaaeaao i?aaaie ia oio eee eiie ia?aeo. Iaeiaei noaaeeueiue
ni?in ia ioenu, oi?aiaua e neeaaeneea ieiuaaee, a oaeaea aunieay
noieiinoue iiaeiaiiai eiouanoaa, aa?aioe?othuea iaiaeua eiieneiiiua,
i?eaeaeatho aieueoia eiee/anoai iin?aaeie/aneeo no?oeoo?. Anee a 1994
aiaeo eeoue 42 i?ioeaioa ii?ioaiiuo caieiaeenue naeaeeaie n iaaeeeuie
iiiauaieyie, oi e ianoiyuaio iiiaioo aeaiiue iieacaoaeue aic?in aei 70
i?ioeaioia.
?uiie oeaiiuo aoiaa ia iaaeaeaeeiinoue.
Eae oaea ioia/aeinue, yoio neaiaio ?uiea iaaeaeaeeiinoe
yaeyaony naiui neaai?acaeoui. A yoii i?iyaeyaony e ionoaaaiea anaai
oiiaeiaiai ?uiea e iaaeinoaoi/iia aiaea/aiea a eiiia?/aneee iai?io naiie
iaaeaeaeeiinoe. O/anoieee ?uiea iaaeaeaeeiinoe iiea i?aaeii/eoatho
i?yiua eiaanoeoeee. Ocie e e?oa oeaiiuo aoiaa, naycaiiuo n
eniieueciaaieai e ?aaeecaoeeae iaaeaeaeeiinoe.
I?aaeea anaai, aannii?iui aeinoieinoaii aeeeeuiuo iaeeaaoeee
yaeyaony eo iaeiieoaeueiay nouiinoue. Iie aeatho aiciiaeiinoue
iinoaiaiii iaeaieeaaoue eo iaiaoiaeeia eiee/anoai aeey iieoiee eaa?oe?u,
yaeyynue oaeinoiaa?aieai i?aaa ia oeacuaaaiue a iiieiaea iao?aae
aeeeuey.
Ae?iaiinoue iiiaiaea iaeeaaeee ii ioiioaieth e iao?aaeo
?aaeueiuo eaa?oe? iicaieyao a ethaie iiiaio inoaiiaeoueny ia oii o?iaia
aeeeie ieiuaaee e eiioi?oiinoe, eioi?ue aoaeao i?eciai aeinoaoi/iui eee
i?aaeaeueii aiciiaeiui. Oioy neaaeoao i?eciaoue, /oi yoi iieiaeeoaeueiia
naienoai aeeeeuiuo iaeeaaoeee ianeieueei ia?aie/eaaaony oai, /oi iie
aeatho i?aai ia i?eia?aoaiea eeoue aiiaue aaiaeeiiai aeeeuey. Aeiaieueii
ia?aie/aiiue noaiaea?o no?ieoaeuenoaa e niaoeeoeea ?aeiiia iiaie
cano?ieee iiaoo nouanoaaiii noceoue e?oa aeaeathueo i?eia?aoaoue
iaeeaaoeee aeey ?aoaiey naieo aeeeeuiuo i?iaeai, a aaaeue eiaiii a yoii
eo iniiaiay oeaiiinoue. Anee au i?aaeoniao?eaaeanue aiciiaeiinoue
i?eia?aoaiey n iiiiuueth iaeeaaoeee ioieoeeiaeueiiai aeeeuey a ethaii
?aeiia ai?iaea, ethaiai o?iaiy eiioi?oiinoe e ?aic?anoa? , oi eo
i?eaeaeaoaeueiinoue cia/eoaeueii iiauneeanue au. Yoi iiaei au
iaania/eoue ?ino eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoe aeeeeuiuo iaeeaaoeee ii
ioiioaieth e eiui, n/eoathueiny aeinoaoi/ii iaaeaaeiuie ieaoaaeiui
n?aaenoaai (aaethoa).
Ae?oaei ianiiiaiiui aeinoieinoaii aeeeeuiuo iaeeaaoeee yaeyaony
eo aioeeioeyoeeiiiay nouiinoue: niiniaiinoue oaa?aaaoue aeaiueae a oie
eee eiie ia?a io iaanoeaieaaiey. Iiyoiio aaeaiany/iua eioe?iaee
noieiinoe aeeeeuiuo iaeeaaoeee aeieaeiu i?aaeiieaaaoue eae ieieioi
ioneaaeeaaiea o?iaiy eioeyoeee. Iaaeaeo oai, iaoaieci aaeaiany/iuo
eioe?iaie , i?aaeoniio?aiiue i?iaeoe?oaiie oi?iie yiennee, niiniaai
naii?oece?iaaoue eeoue iauea iae?iyeiiiie/aneea eieaaaiey, i?e/ai
cia/eiua a ianooaaao a?aiaie, ii ia oaeouea eciaiaiey eii?theoo?u
aeeeeuiiai ?uiea.
Aiciiaeiinoue eciaiaiey eioe?iaie a caaeneiinoe io n?ieia
iieo/aiey aeeeuey i?e iiaaoaiee iaeeaaoeee, neaaeai, a i?aaeaeao io 1
aei 6 ianyoeaa, iiaea au nouanoaaiii iiauneoue eae i?eaeaeaoaeueiinoue
yoiai eino?oiaioa oiiaeiaiai ?uiea, oae e noaiaiue aai eeeaeaeiinoe.
Ioeaiea iaaeaeaeeiinoe.
?uii/iua iaoiaeu ioeaiee iiiiaatho iaeneiaeueii auaiaeii
?anii?yaeaoueny iaaeaeaeeiui eiouanoaii, yoei iiaui ?ano?nii, eioi?ue
i?aaei?eyoey e a?aaeaeaia iieo/atho a naia ?anii?yaeaiea. Yoa ioeaiea
noaiiaeony iaiaoiaeeiie oaea oiaaea, eiaaea nianoaaiieee caiee e
iaaeaeaeeiinoe caoioyo caeiaeeoue eo aeey iieo/aiey e?aaeeoa. Aac
aeieaeiie ioeaiee ?ann/eouaaoue e ia i?eaea/aiea aeiiieieoaeueiuo
eiaanoeoeee, a oii /enea eiino?aiiuo.
Ia ia?aii yoaia i?eaaoecaoeee, i?e nicaeaiee niaianoiuo
i?aaei?eyoee oaeea ioeaiee eee aiiaua ia aeaeaee, eee aeaeaeenue i?inoi
ia aeacie. Nai eiaanoi? ii?aaeaeye oeaio. Eiaaea aea yoi eanaeinue
na?ueaciuo ia?aeoia, oi i?eaeaeaeenue caiaaeiua ioeaii/iua oe?iu,
eioi?ua a aieueoainoaa neo/aaa i?iaiaeeee ioeaieo a iieueco eiino?aiiuo
eiaanoi?ia, caieaeay ?aaeueioth ?uii/ioth noieiinoue iaoeo aeoeaia.
Ioeaiea iaiaoiaeeia e i?e aoi?e/iie yiennee aeoeeoe
i?eaaoece?iaaiiuo i?aaei?eyoee, no?aiyueony oaaee/eoue naie onoaaiie
eaieoae ia aaee/eio, iiaee?aieaiioth ?aaeueiuie iaoa?eaeueiuie
n?aaenoaaie. Eiaiii ?aaeueiue i?iniaeo yiennee iicaieeo eiaanoi?ai
ecaaaeaoue ioeaie i?e onoaiiaeaiee eioe?iaie aeoeee. Ioeaiea oaeaea
iaiaoiaeeia e i?e ?acaeaea eiouanoaa, ii?aaeaeaiee niiniaia eo/oaai
eiiia?/aneiai eniieueciaaiey caiee e iaaeaeaeeiinoe e ai anao ae?oaeo
iia?aoeeyo, naycaiiuo n iaaeaeaeeiinoueth.
Aiaeec ia?niaeoea oaaee/aiey noieiinoeiaaeaeaeeiinoe e aa
eiiia?/aneiai eniieueciaaiey aeieaeai iie?aoueny ia no?iaee
yeiiiie/aneee ?an/ao, oi/ioth e i?ioanneiiaeueioth ioeaieo
aeaenoaeoaeueiie ?uii/iie noieiinoe eiouanoaa. Ioeaiea-yoi iainiiaaiiia
ciaieyie, iiuoii, eniieueciaaieai no?iai ii?aaeaeaiiuo iiaeoiaeia,
i?eioeeiia e iaoiaeia, a oaeaea i?ioeaaeo?iuo e yoe/aneeo ii?i, iiaiea
niaoeeaeenoa eee a?oiiu yenia?oia, eae i?aaeei, i?ioanneiiaeueiuo
ioeaiueeia i noieiinoe ia?aeoa iaaeaeaeeiinoe.
?uii/iay noieiinoue icia/aao iaeaieaa aa?iyoioth oeaio, eioi?ay
neiaeeony i?e i?iaeaaea ia?aeoa nianoaaiiinoe ia eiieo?aioiii e ioe?uoii
?uiea i?e iaee/ee anao oneiaee, aeiaoiaeeiuo aeey niaa?oaiey
ni?aaaaeeeaie naeaeee.
Oaeeie oneiaeyie yaeythony:
1. Iieoiaoaeue e i?iaeaaaoe aeaoenoaotho ia iniiaa oeie/iuo,
noaiaea?oiuo iioeaia. Ie aeey iaeiie ec noi?ii naeaeea ia yaeyaony
auioaeaeaiiie.
2. Iaa noi?iiu iaeaaeatho anae iieiioie eioi?iaoeee aeey
i?eiyoey ?aoaiee e aeaenoaotho, no?aiynue e iaeeo/oaio oaeiaeaoai?aieth
naieo eioa?ania.
3. Ia?aeo aunoaaeai ia ioe?uoii ?uiea aeinoaoi/iia a?aiy, e
aeey niaa?oaiey naeaeee aua?ai iioeiaeueiue iiiaio.
4. Iieaoa i?iecaiaeeony a aeaiaaeiie oi?ia eee niaeaniaaiu
oeiainiaua oneiaey, n?aaieiua n iieaoie iaee/iuie.
5. Oeaia naeaeee io?aaeaao iau/iua oneiaey e ia niaea?aeeo
neeaeie, onooiie eee niaoeeaeueiiai e?aaeeoiaaiey ie iaeiie ec noi?ii,
naycaiiuo ni naeaeeie.
6. Ia?aeo iieuecoaony iueu/iui ni?inii e iaeaaeaao i?eciaaaaiie
ia ?uiea iieaciinoueth.
7. Ia?aeo aeinoaoi/ii aeaoeoeeoai, eia/a aiai?y, eiaaony
ia?aie/aiiia i?aaeeiaeaiea, nicaeathuaa eiieo?aioiue ?uiie.
8. Ia?aeo iaaeaeai naienoaaie io/oaeaeaaiinoe e niiniaai
ia?aaeaaaoueny ec ?oe a ?oee.
Auaeaeytho o?e iniiaiuo iaoiaea ioeaiee ?uii/iie noieiinoe
iaaeaeaeeiinoe: iaoiae n?aaiaiey, cao?aoiue iaoiae e iaoiae
eaieoaeecaoeee aeioiaeia.
Iniiaiie iaoiae ioeaiee - coi iaoiae n?aaieoaeueiuo i?iaeaae.
Yoio iaoiae i?eiaiei a oii neo/aa, eiaaea nouanoaoao ?uiie caiee e
iaaeaeaeeiinoe, nouanoaotho ?aaeueiua i?iaeaaee, eiaaea eiaiii ?uiie
oi?ie?oao oeaiu, e caaea/a ioeaiueeia caeeth/aaony a oii, /oiau
aiaeece?iaaoue yoio ?uiie, n?aaieaaoue aiaeiae/iua i?iaeaaee e oaeei
ia?acii iieo/aoue noiiinoue ioeaieaaaiiai ia?aeoa. Iaoiae iino?iai ia
niiinoaaeaiee i?aaeeaaaaiiai aeey i?iaeaaee ia?aeoa n ?uii/iuie
aiaeiaaie. Ii iaoiaeeo iaeaieueoaa i?eiaiaiea ia Caiaaea (90 i?ioeaioia
neo/aaa). Iaeiaei aeey yoie ?aaiou iaiaoiaeei oaea noi?ie?iaaaoeeny
?uiie caiee e iaaeaeaeeiinoe.
Iaoiae ioeaiee ii cao?aoai e caiea i?aeoe/anee ia i?eiaiei.
Iiaeao eniieueciaaoueny eeoue a eneeth/eoaeueiuo neo/ayo ioeaiee caiee
ia?ac?uaii io i?iecaaaeaiiuo ia iae oeo/oaiee. N/eoaaony, /oi caiey
iinoiyiia e ia?anoiaeoaia, a cao?aoiue iaoiae i?eiaiyaony aeey ioeaiee
eneonoaaiiuo ia?aeoia, nicaeaiiuo /aeiaaeii. I?e ioeaiea yoei iaoiaeii
noieiinoue caiee neeaaeuaaaony ni noieiinoueth oeo/oaiee (caeaiee,
nii?oaeaiee), a caiey ioeaieaaaony ioaeaeueii ae?oaeie iaoiaeaie.
Aiiaua aiai?y, noieiinoue caiee ii?aaeaeyaony oai, eaeie
aeioiae iiaeii iieo/eoue io aa eniieueciaaiey. A nayce n
ia?aie/aiiinoueth eo/oeo aeey eniieueciaaiey caiaeueiuo o/anoeia,
iai?eia?, a ai?iaeao, caeanue eniuouaaaony niioaaonoaothuee aeaoeoeeo e
?an/ao noieiinoe caiee. Neaaeothuei iaoiaeii ioeaiee, eioi?ue i?eiaiei
eiaiii aeey ?innee,- yaeyaony iaoiae ioeaiee, iniiaaiiue ia aiaeeca
iaeaieaa yooaeoeaiiai eniieueciaaiey iaaeaeaeeiinoe, e yoio aiaeec
naycai n ii?aaeaeaieai oiai aeaea eniieueciaaiey, eioi?ue aoaeao
i?eiineoue aeaaeaeueoeo iaeneiaeueiue aeioiae.
A iineaaeiaa a?aiy ni?in ia oneoae ioeaiueeia e eo
i?ioanneiiaeueioth iiaeaioiaeo a ?innee noae eioaineaii ?anoe. Yoi
iaoneiaeaii e iaaeaaieie niauoeyie a oeiainiaie noa?a, eiaaea iiiuoee
nicaeaiey iacaiecia e?aaeeoiaaiey /a?ac no?aoiaaiea e?aaeeoia iioa?iaee
oeanei: aaiee iiiai iioa?yee ia eeiiaii no?aoiaaiee. A neo/aa n
iaaeaeaeeiinoueth, eioi?ay aa?aony aaieii a caeia i?e auaea/a e?aaeeoa,
iioa?e i?aeoe/anee iaaiciiaeiu. Oaeei ia?acii, ?uiee iaaeaeaeeiinoe e
eaieoaea noaiiayony ia?ac?uaiuie eiiiiiaioaie yeiiiieee a oeaeii.
Anoanoaaiii, /oi ni noi?iiu aaieia aiciee aieueoie eioa?an e
oaeei iia?aoeeyi. E ana iie ioaeaeathony a eaaeeueoee?iaaiiie ioeaiea
iaaeaeaeeiinoe, i?iaiaeyuea no?aoiaaiea ii ?aaeueiie noieiinoe ia?aeoia
iaaeaeaeeiinoe.
Ioeaiea iaiaoiaeeia oaeaea a ?aieao ?aaeiiaeueiie iaeiaiaie
iieeoeee. Ai anai ie?a iniiaie nenoaiu ianoiiai iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey neoaeeo
iaeia ia iaaeaeaeeiinoue, ca n/ao yoiai iaeiaa oi?ie?oaony ieiei 70
i?oeaioia ianoiiai athaeaeaoa. Eiia/ii, n ?acaeoeai naiiai ?uiea, n
iiyaeaieai ?aaeueiuo noieiinoae aiciiaeai ia?aoiae e oaeie nenoaia
iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey, eioi?ay au noeioee?iaaea ?acaeoea ?uiea iaaeaeaeeiinoe
e iaania/eea au aianoa n oai iiiieiaiea ianoiuo athaeaeaoia. Yoei
ia?yniyaony e aaconeiaiue eioa?an e ioeaiea, i?iyaeyaiue ni noi?iiu
ianoiuo aaeieieno?aoeee.
Noieiinoue oneoa ii i?ioanneiiaeueiie ioeaiea neeueii
?acee/aaony a caaeneiinoe io oeiia ioeaieaaaiuo ia?aeoia, neiaeiinoe
?aaio e, ?acoiaaony, io oiai, eaeea eiaiii niaoeeaeenou i?eaeaeathony e
i?iaaaeaieth ioeaiee. Iau/ii noieiinoue oneoa ecia?yaony eeai a /anao,
iiiiiaeaiiuo ia oa?eo ii/aniaie iieaou, eeai caaeneo io aaee/eiu
ia?aeoa, ii ieeiaaea ia i?eaycuaaaony e aai noieiinoe.
Eiioaea.
Eiioaea icia/aao auaea/o nnoaeu iiae caeia iaaeaeaeeiiai
eiouanoaa. Eeanne/aneee ia?aeo eiioaee - caiaeueiue o/anoie. Eiioaea
ioe?uaaao aiciiaeiinoue i?aaeinoaaeyoue a aa/anoaa caeiaa oaeaea
caeaiey, nii?oaeaiey, aeeeua aeiia, ioaeaeueiua eaa?oe?u.
Eiioa/iua e?aaeeou, eae i?aaeei, iaaei?iae, ia?aea eiioa/iuo
aaieia iaaaeoea, a i?eaueue ?iaae?aaony? ca n/ao aieueoeo ia?aiia
?aciauaaiuo e?aaeeoia. I?eaeaeatho yoe aaiee n?aaenoaa oaeaea iiae
iaaunieea i?ioeaiou, ii aneaaenoaea i/aiue aunieie iaaeaaeiinoe
?aciauaaiua eie eiioa/iua iaeeaaoeee iieuecothony onoie/eaui ni?inii.
Ia ?uiea eiioa/iuo e?aaeeoia ooieoeeiie?otho /aou?a noa?aeoa:
1. caaiuee, no?aiyueeny i?eia?anoe aiciiaeii eo/ooth
iaaeaeaeeiinoue;
2. aaie, eioi?ue no?aieony iieo/eoue iaeneiaeueii aiciiaeioth
i?eaueue iooai ia?aie/aiey ?enea eiioaee;
3. eiaanoi?, eioi?ue no?aieony iieo/eoue iaeneiaeueioth
i?eaueue, aeeaaeuaay n?aaenoaa a caeeaaeiua;
4. i?aaeoaeuenoai, eioi?ia aeieaeii nicaeaoue i?aaiaua e
yeiiiie/aneea oneiaey aeey ooieoeeiie?iaaiey nenoaiu eiioa/iiai
e?aaeeoiaaiey.
Eiioa/iua e?aaeeoiua iaoaieciu aeieaeiu iaania/eoue
aeinooiiinoue e?aaeeoa aeey caaiueea, a oaeaea i?eaueueiinoue
e?aaeeoiaaiey.
Nouanoaotho ianeieueei ?aciiaeaeiinoae e?aaeeoiuo iaoaieciia,
iicaieythueo a aieueoae eee iaiueoae noaiaie iaieoe aeinoaoi/ii aunieee
o?iaaiue eioeyoeee, eioi?ue nouanoaoao a no?aia.
Ia?aue iaoaieci - yoi e?aaeeoiaaiea n oeene?iaaiiie noaaeie.
Aoi?ie iaoaieci iniiaai ia e?aaeeoao ni noaaeie, ei??aeoe?oaiie
ii o?iaith oeai a no?aia, eiaaea ia?eiaee/anee (i?eia?ii ?ac a
eaa?oae)ia?aniao?eaaaony e?aaeeoiay noaaea a caaeneiinoe io eciaiaiey
o?iaiy oeai.
O?aoee iaoaieci - e?aaeeoiaaiea n ?aaoee?oaiie ion?i/eie
ieaoaaeae - ?ac?aaioai iaeiei ec einoeoooia yeiiiieee NOA niaoeeaeueii
aeey i?eiaiaiey a ?inneeneeo oneiaeyo. Nooue aai a oii, /oi caaiuee
aeieaeai auiea/eaaoue ii iniiaiiio aeieao eee e?aaeeoo ia aieaa 30
i?ioeaioia aeioiaea. Ia?aiia/aeueiay noiia auieaou ioiineoaeueii iecea e
iiauoaaony ni a?aiaiai. Yoi iicaieyao ia?aianoe auieaoo iniiaiie /anoe
aeieaa ia aieaa iicaeiee n?ie. I?eioeei yoiai iaoaiecia a oii, /oi
?ann/eouaaaony aeaa i?ioeaioiua noaaee, iaeia ec eioi?uo iacuaaaony
?eiio?aeoiie? e neoaeeo aeey ?an/aoa noiiu caaeieaeaiiinoe, a aoi?ay -
?ieaoaaeiie?, aeey ?an/aoa aaeaiany/iuo ieaoaaeae. Yoe noaaee
ia?aaiicia/iu.
A Caeiia ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee ?I caeiaa? onoaiaaeeaaaony
iauee i?eioeei, eanathueeny ?aaeno?aoeee eiioaee. Iia aeieaeia
?aaeno?e?iaaoueny a oie aea ainoaea?noaaiiie no?oeoo?a, eioi?ay ioaa/aao
ca ?aaeno?aoeeth i?aa ia caeeaaeuaaaioth nianoaaiiinoue. Ec yoiai
i?eioeeia auoaeaao i?aaeiieiaeaiea, /oi caeeaaeiua ia aeeeua iiiauaiey
aeieaeiu ?aaeno?o?iaaoueny ioaeaeaie aeeeeuiie i?eaaoecaoeee, oiaaea eae
caeeaaeiua ia caiaeueiue o/anoie, ia eo
ioi?ii iie ?aniieiaeaiu - ianoiui Eiieoaoii caiaeueiuo ?ano?nia.
A /anoiinoe, caeeaaeiua ia caieth, niaeanii Caeiio ? I caeiaa
?, aeieaeiu ?aaeno?e?iaaoueny a niioaaonoaee n caeiiaie i caiea e
ae?oaeie i?eiaieiuie caeiiiaeaoaeueiuie aeoaie, /oi a ianoiyuaa a?aiy,
aa?iyoii, icia/aao - ianoiuie Eiieoaoaie caiaeueiuo ?ano?nia.
?Eiioa/iua ? niaeaoaiey ioiineoaeueii caeaiee e no?iaiee,
?aniieiaeaiiuo ia caiea, aeieaeiu ?aaeno?e?iaaoueny a ?caiaeueiii
nienea? oa??eoi?ee, ia eioi?ie ?aniieiaeaia iaaeaeaeeiinoue, /oi oaeaea
a ianoiyuaa a?aiy iiaeao eioa?i?aoe?iaaoueny eae ?aaeno?aoeey ianoiuie
caiaeueiuie eiieoaoaie, oioy a iiiaio anooieaiey caeiia a neeo iiaee
eiaoueny aaeaeo ianoiua Niaaou.
Iaoaieci ?aaeecaoeee caeiaeaiiiai eiouanoaa onoaiiaeai
caeiiiaeaoaeai iauei eae aeey iaaeaeaeeiiai, oae e aeey aeaeaeeiiai
eiouanoaa.
A neeo no 350 AE ?O ?aaeecaoeey (i?iaeaaea) caeiaeaiiiai
eiouanoaa, ia eioi?ia a niioaaonoaee n caeiiii ia?auaii acuneaiea,
i?iecaiaeeony iooai i?iaeaaee n ioaee/iuo oi?aia a ii?yaeea,
onoaiiaeaiiii i?ioeannoaeueiui caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii, anee caeiiii ia
onoaiiaeai eiie ii?yaeie.
O?aaiaaiea i i?iaeaaea caeiaeaiiiai eiouanoaa iooai i?iaaaeaiey
ioaee/iuo oi?aia eiia?aoeaiia, e anee neaaeiaaoue eiioeaioeee i?aaee i
caeiaa, oi iaieoe aai iaaiciiaeii. Ii anee caeiaiaea?aeaoaeue ana-oaee
aeaeaao i?eia?anoe iaaeaeaeeiinoue, yaeythuothny i?aaeiaoii caeiaa, a
nianoaaiiinoue aac i?ioeaaeo?u ioaee/iuo oi?aia e aai iiaeaea?aeeaaao
caeiaiaeaoaeue, oi yoi iiaeii inouanoaeoue a niioaaonoaee ni no. 409 AE
?O. Noaoueae aeiioneaaony caeeth/aiea iaaeaeo noi?iiaie niaeaoaiey ia
ionooiiii, aaea e?aaeeoi? eiinoaoe?oao iaycaoaeuenoaa aeieaeieea
i?ae?auaiiuie, a iineaaeiee acaiai eniieiaiey naiaai iaycaoaeuenoaa
i?aaeinoaaeyao ionooiiia, oi anoue a iaoan neo/aa caeiaiaeaoaeue
ia?aaeaao caeiaiaea?aeaoaeth iaaeaeaeeiia eiouanoai.
Oaeoi?u, iaaaoeaii aeeythuea ia ?uiie
iaaeaeaeeiinoe e iooe eo ono?aiaiey.
?uiie iaaeaeaeeiinoe, eae e ethaie eiie , /ooei ?aaae?oao ia
eciaiaiey, i?ienoiaeyuea a no?aia. A 1992 - 1994 aiaeao, a oneiaeyo
niaiu nioeeaeueii-ceiiiie/aneie oi?iaoeee e iaaaeueiiai iaaeaiey
i?iecaiaenoaa, aeiaeaiiay a ioeniua e aeeeua iiiauaiey auee iaeiei ec
iaeaieaa aeaenoaaiiuo niiniaia caueou eaieoaea io eioeyoeee. Ieioaoee
aiae oa?aeoa?eciaaeny iieeoe/aneie ianoaaeeueiinoueth, /oi a
niaieoiiinoe n iinoiyiii nieaeathueiny ieaoaaeaniiniaiui iioaioeeaeii
ianaeaiey ieacaei iaaaoeaiia aeeyiea ia i?eaeaeaoaeueiinoue ?eyeoi?neeo
iia?aoeee.
Io?eoeaoaeueiua i?ioeannu, i?ienoiaeyuea ia ?uiea
iaaeaeaeeiinoe a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue iaoneiaeaiu iieeoe/aneie
ianoaaeeueiinoueth. Iaeaieaa iuooeii yoi neacaeinue ia eiiiaieyo,
?aaioathueo n iaaeeeuie iiiauaieyie, caiaeueiuie o/anoeaie e aei?iaei
aeeeueai. Iaeeea cayaeaiee i ia?aaeaea nianoaaiiinoe, ia?aniio?a eoiaia
i?eaaoecaoeee i?eaaei e nouanoaaiiiio nieaeaieth ni?ina ia iiaeiaiua
ia?aeou nianoaaiiinoe.
Iniiaiuie oaeoi?aie, iaaaoeaii aeeythueie ia ?uiie
iaaeaeaeeiinoe yaeythony:
1. Iieeoe/aneay ianoaaeeueiinoue.
2. Ianoaaeeueiinoue oeiainiaiai naeoi?a.
3. Iieeoeea aeanoae ia ia?ae/iii ?uiea.
4. E?eieiiaaiiay ianoaiiaea ia ?uiea.
Ianiaa?oainoai iaoaiecia eeoeaice?iaaiey.
5. Ianiaa?oainoai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa.
Yeiiiie/aneay iieeoeea, i?iaiaeeiay eae oaaea?aeueiuie, oae e
ianoiuie i?aaiaie aeanoe, ia nicaeaao ?aaeueiuo i?aaeiinueie aeey
iiauoaiey aeioiaeia ianaeaiey, iianaianoiiai aiaae?aiey yooaeoeaiuo
e?aaeeoiuo iaoaieciia, a oii /enea e eiioaee. Iaii?aaaeaiii aeanoeay
iiceoeey ainoaea?noaa a aii?inao iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey naeaeie n
iaaeaeaeeiinoueth noeioee?oao iaeaaaeueiue iai?io iaee/iuo aeaiaa, a
neaaeiaaoaeueii e oooaeoaao e?eieiiaaiioth neooaoeeth ia ?uiea. Yoi
aucuaaao aiieia ii?aaaeaiioth ianoi?iaeaiiinoue iioaioeeaeueiuo
i?iaeaaoeia e iieoiaoaeae i?e ?aaioa n ?eyeoi?neeie eiiiaieyie.
Ianiio?y ia ana eiathueany i?iaeaiu, iia?aoeee n
iaaeaeaeeiinoueth niiniaiu e naaiaeiy i?eiineoue iuooeiua aeioiaeu. A
oeaeyo eeeaeaeaoeee e?eieiaeueiuo yaeaiee ia ?uiea e iayooaeoeaiiai
eniieueciaaiey ia?aeoia iaaeaeaeeiinoe iaiaoiaeei caeii i
eeoeaice?iaaiee aeayoaeueiinoe i?ioanneiiaeueiuo o/anoieeia ?uiea
iaaeaeaeeiinoe.
Iaeiiaoe, e?aeia iaiaoiaeei caeii i ?uiea iaaeaeaeeiinoe, a
eioi?ii aeieaeiu auoue ii?aaeaeaiu aaeeiua iiiyoey e oa?ieiu, ia?aeou
?uiea iaaeaeaeeiinoe, aai i?ioanneiiaeueiua o/anoieee n noaiaea?ou eo
aeayoaeueiinoe, a oaeaea ?aiee ainoaea?noaaiiiai ?aaoee?iaaiey ?uiea
iaaeaeaeeiinoe.
Nienie eniieuecoaiie eeoa?aoo?u.
1. I.Eaaaaeiay ??uiie iaaeaeaeeiinoe a ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee? // Eiaano
eo?uea? ; Iineaa; aaaono 1996a.
2. Ae.Oaiei, Ae.TH?eia ??uiie iaaeaeaeeiinoe aeacaie ?eyeoi?ia? //
Yeiiiieea e aeeciue ; ? 3, 1997a.
3. A.Eicaai ?I i?aaao nianoaaiiinoe ia iaaeaeaeeiia eiouanoai? //
Yeiiiie/aneay aacaoa; ? 4, 1996a.
4. A.Eocueiei ?I?aaeauai?iue ?uiie? // Yenia?o; ? 23, 1996a.
5. ?Iniiaiua iieiaeaiey Ainoaea?noaaiiie i?ia?aiiu i?eaaoecaoeee
ainoaea?noaaiiuo e ioieoeeiaeueiuo i?aaei?eyoee a ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee
iinea 1 ethey 1994 aiaea?. (Ooaa?aeaeaiu Oeacii I?aceaeaioa ?O ? 1535 io
22 ethey 1994aiaea).
6. ??uiie caiee e iaaeaeaeeiinoe a ?innee: ninoiyiea, ia?niaeoeau
?acaeoey? // Caiey e iaaeaeaeeiinoue; aeaeaa?ue 1994a.
