school education can be devoted into 2 parts. First it is 5 steps after
which children can leave Secondary school after they pass 11 GCSE exams(
General Certificate of School Education), but they can also stay at school
or in collage for more 2 years. Most Secondary schools in GB are
comprehensive for example state school s which take children of all
abilities. About 7% of students go to privet schools. This schools don’t
receive any money from state and they are usually single sex, and
children live there during tern-time. Most pupils in GB schools wear
school uniform. The favorite colors for it are: blue, gray, black and
marron.
After Secondary school only 25% of Students continuos education and go
to universities. GB Universities are not open to every one it depends on
your last year in school. And your A-level results. For example the
Nottingam university accepting students it the have 2 Bs and a C in A-
level.
In Russia the education system is different. All children must learn from
1 stage to 9 it is obligatory education. After which pupils pass 5 exams.
They can leave school or stay for 2 years more (10 and 11 grades) . it is
High secondary school education. At the end of 11 form all pupils must pass
6 exams. 2 of them are identically to all. It is written literature and
mathematics . in schools with the profound study of languages (foe
example English) the exam on this subject is considered composure . other
3 or 4 exams pupils choose themselves. During the last form many pupils
usually attends to the courses of the university they had chosen. In
Russia everybody could enter the university, but he must pass entrance
exams. In every university they are different.
11. You like your flat and your district. Speak in fever of the place.
I live in Moscow, in North Orekhovo - Borisovo district. It is situated in
the South of the city. In my district there is Tzarizansky park . It is a
very old park and it has it own interesting history. Catherine I liked the
village called “Black mud” and she ordered architectures Kazakov and
Bazhenov to build there a residence, but as the name of the village was not
appropriate for a summer residence of empress it was decided to rename it
to Tzarizano. When everything was ready Catherine I didn’t like the
building of Big Palace and the architects began to remake it but they
didn’t finish their work. For the many years it remained unfinished. But
about 5 or 7 years ago old buildings were restored. A lot of people like to
walk there and breathe fresh air . It is very important that in our
district there is a forest. It cleans the air. Ecology conditions in our
district are bad as the winds from the North bring polluted air, also in
our district there are a lot of industrial projects. For example near my
house the Tobacco fabric “Ducat” are situated. I live in a 3 room flat.
There are 2 bedrooms, a living room, and a kitchen. In my room there is a
wardrobe , a bed, a desk ,a computer, a tape recorder and some pot plants.
In the kitchen there is a table with chairs , a refrigerator , a microwave
oven , roaster, and a TV set. In the living room there is a sofa, a TV
set , a hi-fi system and a table with chairs. Besides Tzarizansky park
there is another historical place in our district Kolomenskoe .It is a park
too. In warm days it is very pleasant to walk there with friends . I like
my district because nowadays a lot of new interesting shops and places
opened here and in has become more modern. Certainly it is a pity that out
district is situated very far from the center of Moscow and it takes me a
lot of time to get there, but near my house there is Domodedovskaya metro
station which is very good. The only thing I wish is a better ecological
situation in our district and then everything will be OK .
13. Speak about advantages and disadvantages of living in a big city , in a
small town and in the country
The city is the place where all industrial cultural and educational
centers are situated. In big cities you can find museums, theaters, clubs,
cinemas ,big shops and hospitals, comfortable modern flats. People try to
live in cites because all necessary objects are situated near by. For
example if you get ill a hospital or a chemist’s shop will be situated
near your home in the city, and if you live in the country it will be hard
to find any medical help very quicly . Also in big cites you can fiend all
sorts of entertainment such as cinemas clubs entertaining parks and so on.
Many people like to spend their free time in them because it helps them to
relax and bring them a lot of pleasure. It is really convenient that
everything you need in daily life is situated near you. One of the most
important comforts of big cites is that you can fast get everywhere you
like by underground, bus, trolley bas. Also in big cities there is
electricity therefore you can use electrical devices such as TV sets,
computers, radio, microwave owen, refrigerators and so on. One more thing,
without which it would be impossible to live today is the telephone and
where there is a telephone there is also Internet. The connection has huge
value in the life of people and we have got used to it to such extent ,
that it there is no telephone we feel uncomfortable and lonely. Yes , it
is really comfortable, and at first glance everything is good but
nowadays big cites there are a great amount of cars and factories Big
cites suffer of overpopulation, dirty air, and water, The streets became
noisy and after hard working day people cannot relax. People try to do
everything to go to the countryside because only there they can find
quietness . Every holiday and every week-end people try to leave their
houses and go to the country. I live in Orekhovo-Borisovo North district
. The ecological conditions here are very bad because near my house a lot
of industrial objects are situated. For example near the Tobacco factory
“DUCAT” is situated . As for me I prefer to live in a big city because A
lot of big shops are situated near my home, but I also like to spend my
holidays in the country because after living in the city for about 9
months I begin to get tired.
.
14. London.
London is where the invading (вторжение) Romans first crossed the River
Thames. They built a city a square mile in size, surrounded it with a wall
and called it Londinium. This original site of
London is now called the City of London and is Britain's main financial
center.
The City is only a very small part of London. In the 11-th century,
London began to expand
beyond (Вне) to City walls when King Edward the Confessor built a huge
abbey at Westminster.
There is saying "When a man is rtred of London, he is lired of life!" (Dr
Johnson)and it is quite trufful. You can't be bebored in London. There
are hundreds of historic buildings, galleries and museums. There are parks
and street markets, over 80 theatres and even more cinemas.
The centre of London has many different areas Each one has its own
special character. Covent Garden in London’s West End , is crowded with
cafes, clubs and clothes shops. Soho is also known for its clubs.
Knightsbridge has a lot of exclusive and expensive shops, as well as many
of the embassies. Fleet Street is the home of the Law Courts. One part of
the West End has so many Chinese shops and restaurants that it is called
Chinatown. Chelsea and Sloane Street are supposed to be the homes of trendy
rich kids. When you go outside the centre you find many areas which used to
be small villages. The village became part of the city when the city
expanded, but they still managed to keep their village is extremely
expensive. It is on one or the highest hills in London
Some visitors say that London is an expensive city, but there are a few
things to do which do not cost a lot of money. Most museums are free and
give free guided tours as well as lectures. The Royal Festival Hall on the
South Bank of the River Thames has free music in the foyer every lunch
rime. The National Theatre next to the Royal Festival Hall also has free
concerts in the foyer evening and on Saturday lunchtime. Some cinemas are
cheaper on Mondays; others sell half-prise tickets before 6 pm If you want
to discover London, it is best to start with a tour on a sightseeing bus.
It’s also fun to go on a guided walk. These are advertised in Time Ont, a
weekly magazine that tells you what is happening in London. The walks last
up to 3 hours and have special themes, such as "Ghosts and Haunted
Taverns", "Royal London - Palaces and People", "The Beatles London - Rock
Routes of the Sixties".
Also there are a lot of beautiful historical places like the Westminster
Abbey. It is a national shrine where the kings and queens are crowned and
famous people are buried. Founded by Edward the Confessor in 1050, the
abbey was a monastery for a long time. The present building dates largely
from the time of henry III who began to rebuild the church , a task which
lasted nearly 300 years. Since William I almost every English monarch has
been crowned in this great church, which contains the tombs and memorials
of many of Britain’s most eminent citizens.
16. Speak about the state of medical servers in Russia. How do you imagine
the medical care of the future?
In our country medical service is provided free of charge. There is a
wide network of local out- patient clinics. If a person falls ill he calls
a local physician. The doctor visits his patient. And examines him. He
usually sounds the patient’s chest, listens to his heart, fells his pulse
and sometimes sahes , his blood pressure. He also examines his throat and
tonque . After the physician has diagnose the case the prescribes medicine
for the descase. Then he writes out a search leave and gives advice If the
patient follows the doctor’s instructions , it doesn’t take him long to
recover. As soon as he feels better , he comes to the local out-patient
clinic for final examination. If the case in complicated and the patient
needs shecial treatment he is taken to the hospital.The situation in
medical service has changed as compared to the previory years. Medicine has
become very expensive. Treatment and special tests or surgery cost a lot
of money. Mist people cannot afford being operated. Nowadays we cannot say
that medical service is must be given by the government to run medical
service properly. Hospitals and clinics should be better equipped. Many of
them are old-fashioned and need repairing. Doctors and nurses are
overworked and underpaid. One of the positive features, which still exists
in Russia, medical service in regular medical check-up of school children.
It is very important to prevent illness. They are vaccinated and examined
by specialists. I think that medical service should be free of charge for
all people.
18.Museums
There are so many museums and galleries in London that even people who have
lived there for a long time don't know them all. Some are traditional
museums, but many are now making their exhibitions interactive, or hands-
on, to encourage people to touch and understand what is on display. At the
Science ' Museum, visitors can carry out experiments. At the Natural
History Museum, visitors can find out how to look for fossils on the beach.
At the National Gallery, the country's main art gallery, visitors can call
up paintings on computer screens, find out about them and then print out a
plan with their location indicated.
At MOMI, the Museum of the Moving Image, almost all the things on display
move. You can see how the first film was made, listen to the latest stereo
systems and watch the news from the 1960s. The people who work in the
museum are actors: those in the 1950s section are in 1950s costume and can
talk to you about Marilyn Monroe.
The National Gallery was born when King George IV urged (Убеждил) the
government to purchase (Купить) a collection of 38 paintings including
six of Hogarth's Marriage A La Mode. Rubens, Rembrandt, other Flemish,
Dutch and Italian Renaissance masters were acquired as years passed and the
Gallery grew, and is still growing. Next door is the National Portrait
Gallery, one of the first major (Главный) institutions to acknowledge the
importance of photography in artistic heritage.When the Tate Gallery opened
in 1897 British painters, including Turner, appeared there. The Tate,
beside The Thames, continued collecting British artists from 1850 to join
works by Hogarth, Blake and Pre-Raphaelites and foreign works from the time
of the Impressionists. The British Museum's supreme collection was based on
the will of Sir Hans Sloane in 1753, which prodded Parliament to acquire
his art, antiquities and natural history collections at a sum (Ј 20,000)
far below their actual value. At the same time the Harleian Collection of
Manuscripts was purchased for the nation and on January 15, 1759 the new
museum opened -but only to persons considered acceptable. The King's
Library was built in 1823 and new wings followed. So did a round Reading
Room under a vast copper dome. Ancient works of art abound from Roman
hoardes unearthed in recent years to copies of the Magna Carta, Parthenon
sculptures and Egyptian mummies. The Victoria and Albert Museum is sited
next to a clutch of sister museums - Science and Natural History and
Geological which grew out of Prince Albert's Great Exhibition initiatives.
