British education
British education
British education emas us to develop fully the abilities of individuals,
for their own benefit and of society as a whole. Compulsory schooling
takes place between the agers of 5 and 16, but some pupils remain at shool
for 2 years more, to prepare for further higher education. Post shool
education is organized flaxebly, to provide a wide range of opportunities
for academic and vacational education and to continue studying through out
life.
Administration of state schools is decentralised. The department of
education and science is responsible for national education policy, but it
doesn\'t run any schools, if doesn\'t employ teachers, or prescribe
corricular or textbooks. All shools are given a considerable amount of
freedom. According to the law only one subject is compulsary. That is
religious instruction.
Children recieve preschool education under the age of 5 in nursery schools
or in infant\'s classes in primary schools.
Most pupils receive free education finenst from public fonds and the small
proportions attend schools wholy independent. Most independent schools are
single-sex, but the number of mixing schools is growing.
Education within the mantained schools system usually comprises two
stages: primary and secondary education. Primary schools are subdevided
into infant schools (ages 5 - 7), and junior schools (ages 7 - 11). Infant
schools are informal and children are encouraged to read, write and make
use of numbers and develop the creative abilities. Primary children do all
their work with the same class teacher exept for PT and music. The work is
beist upon the pupils interests as far as possible.
The junior stage extence over four years. Children have set pirits of
arithmetic, reading, composition, history, geography nature study and
others. At this stage of schooling pupils were often placed in A, B, C and
D streams according their abilities. The most able children were put in
the A stream, the list able in the D stream. Till reccantly most junior
shool children had to seat for the eleven-plus examination. It usually
consisted of an arithmetic paper and an entelligent test. According to the
results of the exam children are sent to Grammar, Technical or Secondary
modern schools. So called comprehansive schools began to appear after
World War 2. They are muchly mixed schools which can provide education for
over 1000 pupils. Ideally they provide all the courses given in Grammar,
Technical and Secondary modern schools.
By the law all children must receive full-time education between the ages
of 5 and 16. Formally each child can remain a school for a further 2 or 3
years and continue his studies in the sixth form up to the age of 18 or
19. The course is usually subdevided into the lower 6 and the upper 6. The
corricular is narrowed to 5 subjects of which a pupil can choose 2 or 3.
The main examinations for secondary school pupils are general certeficate
of education (the GCE) exam and certificate of secondary education (the
CSE) exam. The GSE exam is held at two levels: ordinary level (0 level)
and advanced level (A level).
Candidats set for 0 level papers at 15 - 16 years away. GCE level is
usually taken at the end on the sixth form. The CSE level exam is taken
after 5 years of secondary education by the pupils who are of everage
abilities of their age.
My future profession
What I would like to become? This question pasels me greatly. Every job
has its elements of difficulties and interest. I think that nearly all the
professions are very important in life. But to choose the right occupation
is very difficult, because we must take in to consideration many factors.
We must consider our personal taste and our kind of mind. At the same time
we must satisfy the requirements of our society and peoples needs in one
profession or another.
The end of school is the beginning of an independent life, the beginning
of a more serious examination. In order to pass that very serious exam we
must choose the road in life which will help us best to live and work.
Each boy and girl has every opportunity to develop mind and use knowledge
and education received at school. Some may prefer to work in factories or
works, others want to go into construction: to take part in building power
stations and new towns. Many opportunities to work and to satisfy at the
same time the requirements of the society and your own personal interest
are offered in the sfere of the services transport, communications and
many others.
I have a specially liking for to became a programmist. I like this
profession because it very interest.
Art gallereys of London
Speaking about art gallereys of London we should first of all mention The
national gallery, The national portret galerey and The tate gallery. I
would like to tell you about National portret gallery and about Tate
gallery.
The national gallery houses one of the richest and most extensive
collections of painting in the world. It stands to the north of the
Trafalgar Square. the gallerey was desighned by William Wilkins and build
in 1834-37. The collection covers all schools and periods of painting, but
is a specially famous for it\'s examples of Rembrant and Rubents. The
british schools is only moderately represented as the national collections
are shared with the Tate gallerey. The National gallerey was founded in
1824 when the government bought the collection of John Angerstein which
included 38 paintings.
The Tate gallery houses the national collection of british painting from
the 16-th century to the present day. It is also the national gallerey for
modern art, including painting and sculpture made in Britain, Europe,
America and other countries. It was opened in 1897 as the national
gallerey of british art. It owes it\'s establishment to Suie Henritate who
built the gallerey and gave his own collection of 65 painting.
British theatres
Until reccently the history of the english theatre has been build around
actors rather then companies. It has been hard to find any London theatre
that even had a consistent policy. There are no permanent staff in British
theatres. Apply is rehearsed for a few weeks by a company of actors
working together mostly for the first time and it is allowed to run as
long as it draws the odious and pays it\'s way.
Another peculiarity of the theatres in Great Britain is an follows: there
are two kinds of seats, which can be booked an advanced (bookable), and
unbookable once have no numbers and the spectators occupy them on the
principal: first come - first served. And ancient times plays were acted
inside churches and later on the market places.
The first theatre in England \"The Blackfries\" build in 1576, and \"The
Globe\" build in 1599, which is closely connected with William Shakespeare.
Speaking about our times we should first of all mention \"The English
National theatre\",\"The Royal Shakespeare company\" and \"Covent Garden\".
\"Covent Garden\" used to be a fashionable promenade - it was, before then,
a convent garden - but when it became overrun with flower-sellers,
orange-vendors and vegetable-growers, the people moved to more exclusive
surroundings farther west, such as \"St. Jame\'s Square\".
The first \"Covent Garden theatre\" was build in 1732. It was burnt down in
1808 and rebuild exactly a year after. It opened in September 1809, with
Shakespeare\'s \"Macbeth\". Since the middle of the last century \"Covent
Garden\" became exclusively devoted to opera.
Now \"Covent Garden\" in busier than ever, it is one of the few well-known
opera houses open for 11 months of the year and it employs over 600 people
both of the Opera company and the Royal Ballet.
THE NATIONAL THEATRE
It took over the hundred years to establish a national theatre company.
It\'s first director from 1962 was Lawrence Olivier. This is the first
state theatre Britain has ever had. A special building for it was opened
in 1976. It has three theatres in one: \"The Oliver theatre\", the biggest
is for the main classical repertoire; \"The Lyttilton\", a bit smaller is
for new writing and for visiting foreigh countries and \"The Cottesloe
theatre\", the smallest is used for experimental writing and productions.
\"The Royal Shakespeare company\" are devided between the country and the
capital and it\'s produces plays mainly by Shakespeare and his
contempraries when it performs is \"Stratford -on-Avon\", and modern plays
in it\'s two auditoria in the Cities, Barbican centre.
Moscow theatres
For decades Moscow has had a reputation as a city of theatres. The birth
plays of the historic \"Bolshoy\", \"Maly\" and \"Moscow Art\" theatres the city
has been and steel is a centre for the development exploretary modern
ideas in the dramatic art and is famous for it\'s great number of
highlygifted, interesting directors, actors, playwrigts and artists.
Every evening the doors of Moscow theatres open to streams of
theatre-gowers. The best Moscow theatres devoded themselves to developing
the principals of directing and acting laid down by Stanislavsky,
Meerhold, Nemerovich-Danchenko, Vachtangov and others. The discoveries and
successes of Moscow theatres today exists due to experience and triumphs
of preceding generations.
I\'d like to tell you about the Bolshoy Theatre. The magestic building of
the Bolshoy Theatre stands in Theatre Square in Moscow\'s central quater,
not far from Kremlin. This is the leading Russian opera house with the
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