university for those who have finished high school within the state.
Sometimes a certain pattern of high school studies is necessary, however,
and some state universities require a certain scholastic average, or
average of high school grades.
Private colleges and universities, especially the larger, well-known
ones such as Harvard, Princeton, and Yale, have rigid scholastic
requirements for entrance, including an examination.
6
Higher Education Institutions
It has become common for the college program to be divided into broad
fields, such as languages and literature, the social sciences, the sciences
and mathematics, and the fine arts .Many colleges require all freshmen and
sophomores to take one or two full-year courses in each of three fields.
Certain Courses, such as English or history, may be required for all, with
some election permitted in the other fields.
Higher educational institutions usually are governed by a board of
regents or a board of trustees.
The executive head of a college or a university is usually called the
president. The various colleges or schools which take up a university are
headed by deans. Within a school or college there may be departments
according to subject matter fields, each of which may be headed by a
professor who is designated as department head or chairman. Other members
of the faculty hold academic ranks, such as instructor, assistant
professor, associate professor, and professor. Graduate students who give
some part-time service may be designated as graduate assistants or fellows.
Professional education in fields such as agriculture, dentistry, law,
engineering, medicine, pharmacy, teaching, etc. is pursued in professional
schools which may be part of a university or may be separate institutions
which confine their instruction to a single profession. Often two, three,
or four years of pre-professional liberal arts education are required
before admission to a professional school. Three to five years of
specialized training lead to professional degrees such as Doctor of
Medicine, Bachelor of Law, etc.
7
Private and State Colleges and Universities
Harvard College was established in 1636, with the principal purpose of
providing a literate ministry1 for colonial churches. It was a small
institution, enrolling only 20 students in 1642 and 60 in 1660. It soon
became more than a theological training school2 and established itself as a
liberal arts college. The next institution of higher learning established
in the American colonies was the College of William and Mary, which opened
in 1693 at Williamsburg, Virginia. Other colleges were founded in the next
century, but all of them remained small schools for long periods. Students
entered at the age of 14 and remained until they were 18, and the
curriculum, while rigidly academic and classic was by modern standards
rather secondary in nature.
Private colleges and universities were established in various states.
The first state university was the University of Virginia, founded in 1819.
Some state universities have large endowment funds1 which provide a
substantial portion of their support. Other sources of income are student
fees, gifts and endowments.
In general, higher education in the USA may be divided into two broad
fields: liberal arts and professional. Each of these fields may be further
subdivided into undergraduate and graduate levels. The liberal arts
program, on the undergraduate level, may be a two-year junior college
course, or a four-year course leading to a degree of Bachelor of Arts or
Bachelor of Science. The four-year course is usually subdivided into a
lower division (which may be called the junior college), consisting of the
two first years, and the upper division, which is the last two years. The
first two years continue the general education and specialization begins in
the third year.
8
3. Educational System in Ukraine.
Ukrainians have always shown a great concern for education. The right
to education is stated in the constitution of Ukraine. It’s ensured by
compulsory secondary schools, vocational schools and higher education
establishment. It is also ensured by the development of extramural and
evening courses and the system of state scholarship and grants.
Education in Ukraine is compulsory up to the 9th form inclusive. The
stages of compulsory schooling in Ukraine are: primary education for ages 6-
7 to 9-10 inclusive; and senior school for ages 10-11 to 12-13 inclusive,
and senior school for ages 13-14 to 14-15 inclusive. If a pupil of
secondary school wishes to go on in higher education, he or she must stay
at school for two more years. Primary and secondary school together
comprise 11 years of study. Every school has a «core curriculum» of
academic subjects, such as…
After finishing the 9th form one can go on to a vocational school which
offer programmes of academic subjects and a programme of training in a
technical field, or a profession.
After finishing the 11th form of a secondary school, a lyceum or a
gymnasium one can go into higher education. All applicants must take
competitive exam. Higher education institution, that is institutes or
universities, offer a 5-years programme of academic subjects for
undergraduates in a variety of fields, as well as a graduate course and
writes a thesis, he or she receives a candidates degree or a doctoral
degree.
Higher educational establishments are headed by Rectors. Protectors are
in charge of academic and scientific work. An institute or a university has
a number of faculties, each specializing councils which confer candidate
and doctoral degrees.
The system of higher and secondary education in Ukraine is going trough
a transitional period. The main objectives of the reforms are: to
decentralize the higher education system, to develop a new financial
mechanism, to give more academic freedom to faculties and students. All
secondary schools, institutes and universities until recently have been
funded by the state. Now there is quite a number of private fee-paying
primary and secondary schools, some universities have fee-paying
departments.
9
4. Results of Interrogation in Our Class
|How do you evaluate | Like |Don’t like |Indifferent |
|the following |(number of |(number of |(number of |
| |pupils) |pupils) |pupils) |
|School | 27 | 6 | 3 |
|Subjects: | | | |
| Literature | 21 | 5 | 12 |
| Mathematics | 11 | 23 | 5 |
| History | 19 | 7 | 12 |
| Geography | 29 | 6 | 3 |
| Biology | 23 | 10 | 6 |
| English | 32 | 4 | 2 |
| Music | 25 | 12 | 2 |
| Art | 20 | 11 | 8 |
|Out-of-class activities | 24 | 4 | 11 |
|Sports/Gym classes | 22 | 13 | 4 |
|School library | 27 | 10 | 2 |
|School canteen | 23 | 3 | 13 |
|Learning to get along with | 25 | 9 | 5 |
|others | | | |
|Making friends | 34 | 0 | 5 |
10
5. Used Literature:
1. Internet
11
Contents
1. Educational System in Great Britain
. Types of Schools
. British Schools
. Universities and Colleges in Great Britain
2.Educational System in the USA
. General Pattern of Education in the USA
. Elementary Schools, High Schools and Institutions of Higher learning
. Higher Education Institutions
. Private and State Colleges
3. Educational System in Ukraine
4. Results of Interrogation in Our Class
5. Used Literature
1
Educational System
in Great Britain, USA and Ukraine.
Boyko
Maksim
Form 8-V
Ukrainian Grammar
School #6
Страницы: 1, 2
