Sport in the UK
MOSCOW STATE TEACHER`S TRAINING UNIVERSITY
COURSE PAPER
SPORT IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
Written by Varlamova Anna
group 301
Checked by Makhmuryan K.
MOSCOW 2001
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
THE MAIN PART
1. The social importance of sport
2. Football ( Football pools
3. Rugby
4. Cricket
5. Animals in Sport
6. Racing
7. Gambling
8. Wimbledon
9. Other Sports
. CONCLUSION
. Questions
. The list of literature
INTRODUCTION
Why
have I chosen such theme? Sport is supposed to be interesting
only for men, not for women. But I think it is a mistaken opinion. Sport is
one of the most amusing things in the world, because of fillings,
experiences, excitements connected with it. Particularly it is so when we
speak about the UK.
Think of your favorite sport. Whatever it is, there is good chance
that it was first played in Britain, and an even better chance that its
modern rules were first codified in this country.
Sport probably plays a more important part in people’s life in Britain
than it does in most other countries. For a very large number it is their
main form of entertainment. Millions take part in some kind of sport at
least once a week. Many millions more are regular spectators and follow one
or more sports. There are hours of televised sport each week. Every
newspaper, national or local, quality or popular, devotes several pages
entirely to sport.
The British are only rarely the best in the world at particular sports
in modern times. However, they are one of the best in the world in a much
larger number of different sports than any other country (British
individualism at work again). My course paper looks at the most publicized
sports with the largest followings. But it should be noted that hundreds of
other sports are played in Britain , each with its own small but
enthusiastic following. Some of these may not be seen as a sport at all by
many people. For most people with large gardens, for example, croquet is
just an agreeable social pastime for a sunny afternoon. But to a few, it is
a deadly serious competition. The same is true of the game such as indoor
bowling, darts or snooker. Even board games, the kind you buy in a shop,
have their national championships. Think of any pastime, however trivial,
which involves some element of competition and, somewhere in Britain, there
is probably a ‘national association’ for it which organized contents.
The British are so fond of competition that they even introduced it
into gardening. Many people indulge in an informal rivalry with their
neighbors as to who can grow the better flowers or vegetables. But the
rivalry is sometimes formalized. Though the country, there are competitions
in which gardeners enter their cabbage, leeks, onions, carrots or whatever
in the hope that they will be judged ‘the best’. There is a similar
situation with animal. There hundreds of dog and cat shows throughout the
country at which owners hope that their pet will win a prize. There are a
lot of such specific kinds of sport in the United Kingdom but I want to
stop my thought on consideration of more widespread.
THE MAIN PART
The
British are great lovers of competitive sports; and when they are neither
playing nor watching games they like to talk about them, or when they
cannot do that, to think about them. Modern sport in Britain is very
different. 'Winning isn't everything' and 'it's only a game' are still well-
known sayings which reflect the amateur approach of the past. But to modern
professionals, sport is clearly not just a game. These days, top players in
any sport talk about having a 'professional attitude' and doing their 'job'
well, even if, officially, their sport is still an amateur one. The middle-
class origins of much British sport means that it began as an amateur
pastime - a leisure-time activity which nobody was paid for taking part in.
Even in football, which has been played on a professional basis since 1885,
one of the first teams to win the FA (Football Association) Cup was a team
of amateur players (the Corinthians). In many other sports there has been
resistance to professionalism. People thought it would spoil the sporting
spirit. May be they are right.
The social importance of sport
The importance of participation in sport has legal recognition in
Britain. Every local authority has a duty to provide and maintain playing
fields and other facilities, which are usually very cheap to use and
sometimes even free. Spectator sport is also a matter of official public
concern. For example, there is a law which prevents the television rights
to the most famous annual sporting occasions, such as the Cup Final and the
Derby, being sold exclusively to satellite channels, which most people
cannot receive. In these cases it seems to be the event, rather than the
sport itself, which is important. Every year the Boat Race and the Grand
National are watched on television by millions of people who have no great
interest in rowing or horse-racing. Over time, some events have developed a
mystique which gives them a higher status than the standard at which they
are played deserves. In modern times, for example, the standard of rugby at
the annual Varsity Match has been rather low - and yet it is always shown
live on television.
Sometimes the traditions which accompany an event can seem as
important as the actual sporting contest. Wimbledon, for instance, is not
just a tennis tournament. It means summer fashions, strawberries and cream,
garden parties and long, warm English summer evenings. This reputation
created a problem for the event's organizers in 1993, when it was felt that
security for players had to be tightened. Because Wimbledon is essentially
a middle-class event, British tennis fans would never allow themselves to
be treated like football fans. Wimbledon with security fences, policemen on
horses and other measures to keep fans off the court? It just wouldn't be
Wimbledon!
The long history of such events has meant that many of them, and their
venues, have become world-famous. Therefore, it is not only the British who
tune in to watch. The Grand National, for example, attracts a television
audience of 300 million. This worldwide enthusiasm has little to do with
the standard of British sport. The cup finals of other countries often have
better quality and more entertaining football on view - but more Europeans
watch the English Cup Final than any other. The standard of British tennis
is poor, and Wimbledon is only one of the world's major tournaments. But if
you ask any top tennis player, you find that Wimbledon is the one they
really want to win. Every footballer in the world dreams of playing at
Wembley, every cricketer in the world of playing at Lord's. Wimbledon,
Wembley and Lord's are the 'spiritual homes' of their respective sports.
Sport is a British export!
There are a lot of sports in Britain today and of course, there is no
use in considering all of them. I try to make a short review of the most
famous in the world on the one hand and unusual sports on the other hand.
And the first one is the most popular game in the world:
Football
Football is the most popular team game in Britain. The British
invented it and it has spread to every corner of the world. There is no
British team. England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland compete
separately in European and World Cup matches. The English and Welsh clubs
have together formed a League with four divisions. The Scottish League has
three divisions. The champions of the English First Division, and the
Scottish Premier Division qualify to play in the European Cup competition.
British football has traditionally drawn its main following from the
working class. In general, the intelligentsia ignored it. But in the last
two decades of the twentieth century, it has started to attract wider
interest. The appearance of fanzines is an indication of this. Fanzines are
magazines written in an informal but often highly intelligent and witty
style, published by the fans of some of the clubs. One or two books of
literary merit have been written which focus not only on players, teams and
tactics but also on the wider social aspects of the game. Light-hearted
football programmes have appeared on television which similarly give
attention to 'off-the-field' matters. There has also been much academic
interest. At the 1990 World Cup there was a joke among English fans that it
was impossible to find a hotel room because they had all been taken by
sociologists!
Many team sports in Britain, but especially football, tend to be men-
only, 'tribal' affairs. In the USA, the whole family goes to watch the
baseball. Similarly, the whole family goes along to cheer the Irish
national football team. But in Britain, only a handful of children or women
go to football matches. Perhaps this is why active support for local teams
has had a tendency to become violent. During the 1970s and 1980s football
hooliganism was a major problem in England. In the 1990s, however, it
seemed to be on the decline. English fans visiting Europe are now no worse
in their behavior than the fans of many other countries.
For the great mass of the British public the eight months of the
