everything will be OK .
9. Speak about advantages and disadvantages of living in a big city , in a
small town and in the country
The city is the place where all industrial cultural and educational
centers are situated. In big cities you can find museums, theaters, clubs,
cinemas ,big shops and hospitals, comfortable modern flats. People try to
live in cites because all necessary objects are situated near by. For
example if you get ill a hospital or a chemist’s shop will be situated
near your home in the city, and if you live in the country it will be hard
to find any medical help very quicly . Also in big cites you can fiend all
sorts of entertainment such as cinemas clubs entertaining parks and so on.
Many people like to spend their free time in them because it helps them to
relax and bring them a lot of pleasure. It is really convenient that
everything you need in daily life is situated near you. One of the most
important comforts of big cites is that you can fast get everywhere you
like by underground, bus, trolley bas. Also in big cities there is
electricity therefore you can use electrical devices such as TV sets,
computers, radio, microwave owen, refrigerators and so on. One more thing,
without which it would be impossible to live today is the telephone and
where there is a telephone there is also Internet. The connection has huge
value in the life of people and we have got used to it to such extent ,
that it there is no telephone we feel uncomfortable and lonely. Yes , it
is really comfortable, and at first glance everything is good but
nowadays big cites there are a great amount of cars and factories Big
cites suffer of overpopulation, dirty air, and water, The streets became
noisy and after hard working day people cannot relax. People try to do
everything to go to the countryside because only there they can find
quietness . Every holiday and every week-end people try to leave their
houses and go to the country. I live in Orekhovo-Borisovo North district
. The ecological conditions here are very bad because near my house a lot
of industrial objects are situated. For example near the Tobacco factory
“DUCAT” is situated . As for me I prefer to live in a big city because A
lot of big shops are situated near my home, but I also like to spend my
holidays in the country because after living in the city for about 9
months I begin to get tired.
10. Speak about advantages and disadvantages of living in modern flat and
in the country house.
Nowadays a lot of people live in big cities because it is very
comfortable, as you can find everything you need in everyday life very
quickly. But too many people cannot live there because there isn’t enough
place for everybody. People have to live in high buildings in modern
flats. In Moscow we can see 12-17 storied buildings with one, two and tree-
room flats. There are modern facilities such as telephone, central
heating, running water, electricity and gas. You can use such electricity
devices as : TV sets, hi-fi systems, vacuum cleaners, washing machines,
microwave ovens, electric irons and many others. They help in our daily
life .There are people who don’t like to live in cities they prefer to be
alone in a small country house near a river or a lake . They like to walk
in the morning in the forest and breath fresh air, and enjoy silence. Many
people will gladly spend a few days in the country but despite of it we
have got used to achievements of civilization that when we find out
ourselves appear fare from them we do not know what to do and feel lonely
. Besides in Russian villages there aren’t any conveniences at all.
Certainly there is electricity but usually it is not on . Also there
isn’t central heating and in winters people have to burn oven as in the
last century. In the day time you can walk in the garden , but in the
evening everything you can do is to read a books by a candle. To living
in such conditions is very hard for a city dweller. Nowadays a lot of
people try to build big houses near cities and spend their week-ends there.
Because besides all facilities there are some inconveniences. The main
reason why people leave cities are bad ecological conditions. Noise,
polluted air and water makes health of the man weak. After hard working day
people come home and want to rest but nose from heavy traffic in streets
will not allow to do that. As for me I prefer to live in the city, because
I feel uncomfortably. When I’m fare from telephone, electricity and other
facilities. People invented one more way to communicate with other people
it is internet. Without the telephone and electricity I cannot use it . I
like city but some times it is pleasant to stay in the country for a while.
11.Speak about environment problems and protection. What should be done?
The poisoning of the world's land, air, and water is the fastest-
spreading disease of civilisation. It probably produces fewer headlines
than wars, earthquakes and floods, but it is potentially one of history's
greatest dangers to human life on earth. If present trends continue for the
next several decades, our planet will become uninhabitable. Overpopulation,
pollution and energy consumption have created such planet-wide problems as
massive deforestation, ozone depletion, acid rains and the global warming
that is believed to be caused by the greenhouse effect. The seas are in
danger. They are filled with poison: industrial and nuclear waste, chemical
fertilisers and pesticides. The Mediterranean is already nearly dead; the
North Sea is following. The Aral Sea is on the brink of extinction. If
nothing is done about it, one day nothing will be able to live in the seas.
Every ten minutes one kind of animal, plant or insect dies out for ever. If
nothing is done about it, one million species that are alive today will
have become extinct twenty years from now. Air population is a very serious
problem. In Cairo just breathing the air is life threatening- equivalent to
smoking two packs of cigarettes a day. The same holds true for Mexico City
and 600 cities of the former Soviet Union. Industrial enterprises emit tons
of harmful substances. These emissions have disastrous consequences for our
planet. They are the main reason for the greenhouse effect and acid rains.
An even greater environmental threat are nuclear power stations. We all
know how tragic the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster are. People are
beginning to realise that environmental problems are not somebody else's.
They join and support various international organisation and green parties.
In my district the ecology conditions in our district are bad as the winds
from the North bring polluted air, also in our district there are a lot of
industrial projects. For example near my house the Tobacco fabric “Ducat”
are situated.. Human life is the most important and Polluted air, poising
water , wastelands, noise, smoke, gas, exhaust and lead in leaves all
influence on your half makes it weak. To improve ecological conditions it
is necessary to put abstersive equipment on factories both to land more f
trees and to put hums to blocking boards near to motorways.
12. Imagine you are going on a trip around the world. Make a route for your
trip showing where you’ll visit
Last year I made a round-the-world voyage and I visited many English
speaking countries such as GB, Canada, USA and Australia . I was in the USA
in Washington, D.C. it is the capital of the Untied States. I saw some
historical monuments and places. The Capitol, The White House, Museums and
Galleries Monuments and Memorials. Also I visited an Australia it is
situated in the south-west of the Pacific Ocean, occupies the continent of
Australia and a great number of islands near it. Australia is a continent-
island washed by the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The capital is Canberra.
But the oldest city is Sidney , it was founded in 1788. GB is situated on
the British Isles and it has a very good geographical position as it lies
on the crossways of the sea routs from Europe to other parts of the world.
The capital of GB is London. It is the world’s most enjoyable cities. There
are a lot of interesting historical monuments in it such as :Houses of
Parliament, Westminster Abbey, St. Paul’s Cathedral, Trafalgar Square and
The Tower of London. Westminster Abbey is a national shrine where the
kings and queens are crowned and famous people are buried. Founded by
Edward the Confessor in 1050, the abbey was a monastery for a long time.
The present building dates largely from the time of henry III who began to
rebuild the church , a task which lasted nearly 300 years. Since William I
almost every English monarch has been crowned in this great church, which
contains the tombs and memorials of many of Britain’s most eminent
citizens. The capital of Canada is Ottawa. It is rather a small, quiet
city. Here there are no large industrial factories, but there are a lot of
ministries, embassies of foreign states, private residences of officials
and diplomats. In the centre of Ottawa the parliament of Canada is a little
bit diminished replica of a the parliamentary buildings in London . In the
city there are two universities, English and French, large libraries, the
National gallery, the National museum, the research and development centre.
.13. Speak about the state of medical servers in Russia. How do you imagine
the medical care of the future?
In our country medical service is provided free of charge. There is a
wide network of local out- patient clinics. If a person falls ill he calls
a local physician. The doctor visits his patient. And examines him. He
usually sounds the patient’s chest, listens to his heart, fells his pulse
and sometimes sahes , his blood pressure. He also examines his throat and
tonque . After the physician has diagnose the case the prescribes medicine
for the descase. Then he writes out a search leave and gives advice If the
patient follows the doctor’s instructions , it doesn’t take him long to
recover. As soon as he feels better , he comes to the local out-patient
clinic for final examination. If the case in complicated and the patient
needs shecial treatment he is taken to the hospital.The situation in
medical service has changed as compared to the previory years. Medicine has
become very expensive. Treatment and special tests or surgery cost a lot
of money. Mist people cannot afford being operated. Nowadays we cannot say
that medical service is must be given by the government to run medical
service properly. Hospitals and clinics should be better equipped. Many of
them are old-fashioned and need repairing. Doctors and nurses are
overworked and underpaid. One of the positive features, which still exists
in Russia, medical service in regular medical check-up of school children.
It is very important to prevent illness. They are vaccinated and examined
by specialists. I think that medical service should be free of charge for
all people.
