Holidays and traditions in english-speaking countries
Holidays and traditions in English – speaking countries.
I. Britain round the calendar.
PUBLIC HOLIDAYS AND CELEBRATIONS
There are only six public holidays a year in Great Britain, that is
days on which people need not go in to work. They are: Christmas Day,
Boxing Day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, Spring Bank Holiday and Late Summer
Bank Holiday. In Scotland, the New Year’s Day is also a public holiday.
Most of these holidays are of religious origin, though it would be right to
say that for the greater part of the population they have long lost their
religious significance and are simply days on which people relax, eat,
drink and make merry. All the public holidays, except Christmas Day and
Boxing Day observed on December 25th and 26th respectively, are movable,
that is they do not fall on the same day each year. Good Friday and Easter
Monday depend on Easter Sunday which falls on the first Sunday after a full
moon on or after March 21st. the Spring Bank Holiday falls on the last
Monday of May or on the first Monday of June, while the Late Summer Bank
Holiday comes on the last Monday in August or on the first Monday in
September, depending on which of the Mondays is nearer to June 1st and
September 1st respectively.
Besides public holidays, there are other festivals, anniversaries and
simply days, for example Pancake Day and Bonfire Night, on which certain
traditions are observed, but unless they fall on a Sunday, they are
ordinary working days.
NEW YEAR
In England the New Year is not as widely or as enthusiastically
observed as Christmas. Some people ignore it completely and go to bed at
the same time as usual on New Year’s Eve. Many others, however, do
celebration it in one way or another, the type of celebration varying very
much according to the local custom, family traditions and personal taste.
The most common type of celebration is a New Year party, either a
family party or one arranged by a group of young people. This usually
begins at about eight o’clock and goes on until the early hours of the
morning. There is a lot of drinking, mainly beer, wine, gin and whisky;
sometimes the hosts make a big bowl of punch which consists of wine,
spirits, fruit juice and water in varying proportions. There is usually a
buffer of cold meat, pies, sandwiches, savouries, cakes and biscuits. At
midnight the wireless is turned on, so that everyone can hear the chimes of
Big Ben, and on the hour a toast is drunk to the New Year. Then the party
goes on.
Another popular way of celebrating the New Year is to go to a New
Year’s dance. Most hotels and dance halls hold a special dance on New
Year’s Eve. The hall is decorated, there are several different bands and
the atmosphere is very gay.
The most famous celebration is in London round the statue of Eros in
Piccadilly Circus where crowds gather and sing and welcome the New Year. In
Holidays and traditions in English – speaking countries.
Trafalgar Square there is also a big crowd and someone usually falls into
the fountain.
Those who have no desire or no opportunity to celebrate the New Year
themselves can sit and watch other people celebrating on television. It is
an indication of the relative unimportance of the New Year in England that
the television producers seem unable to find any traditional English
festivities for their programmers and usually show Scottish ones.
January 1st, New Year’s Day, is not a public holiday, unfortunately
for those who like to celebrate most of the night. Some people send New
Year cards and give presents but this is not a widespread custom. This is
the traditional time for making “New Year resolutions”, for example, to
give up smoking, or to get up earlier. However, these are generally more
talked about than put into practice.
Also on New Year’s Day the “New Year Honours List” is published in
the newspapers; i.e. a list of those who are to be given honours of various
types – knighthoods, etc.
In Canada New Year’s Day has a long tradition of celebration. New
Year’s Eve in French Canada was (and still is) marked by the custom of
groups of young men, to dress in COLOURful attire and go from house to
house, singing and begging gifts for the poor. New Year’s Day was (and is)
a time for paying calls on friends and neighbours and for asking the
blessing of the head of the family. The early Governors held a public
reception for the men of the community on New Year’s morning, a custom
preserved down to the present day. While New Year’s Day is of less
significance in English Canada than in French Canada, it’s a public holiday
throughout the country. Wide spread merry-making begins on New Year’s Eve
with house parties, dinner dances and special theatre entertainment. A
customary feature of the occasion that suggests the Scottish contribution
to the observation is the especially those that couldn’t be arranged for
Christmas, are held on New Year’s Day. New Year isn’t such important
holiday in England as Christmas. Some people don’t celebrate it at all.
In USA many people have New Year parties. A party usually begins at
about 8 o’clock and goes on until early morning. At midnight they listen to
the chimes of Big Ben, drink a toast to the New Year and Sing Auld Lang
Syne.
In London crowds usually gather round the statue of Eros in Piccadilly
Circus and welcome the New Year.
There are some traditions on New Year’s Day. One of them is the old
First Footing. The first man to come into the house is very important. The
Englishman believes that he brings luck. This man (not a woman) must be
healthy, young, pretty looking. He brings presents-bread, a piece of coal
or a coin. On the New Year’s Day families watch the old year out and the
New Year in.
Holidays and traditions in English – speaking countries.
In Scotland the New Year’s Day is also a public holiday. Some people
ignore it completely and go to bed at the same time as usual on New Year’s
Eve. Many others, however, do celebrate it in one way or another, the type
of celebration varying very much according to the local custom, family
tradition and personal taste.
The most common type of celebration is a New Year party, either a
family party or one arranged by a group of young people. This usually
begins at about eight o’clock and goes on until the early hours of the
morning. There is a lot of drinking, mainly beer, wine, gin and whisky;
sometimes the hosts make a big bowl of punch which consists of wine,
spirits, fruit juice and water in varying proportions. There is usually a
buffet supper of cold meat, pies, sandwiches, savories, cakes and biscuits.
At midnight the wireless is turned on, so that everyone can hear the chimes
of Big Ben, and on the hour a toast is drunk to the New Year. Then the
party goes on.
Hogmanay Celebrations
Hogmanay is a Scottish name for New Year’s Eve, and is a time for
merrymaking, the giving of presents and the observance of the old custom of
First – Footing. One of the most interesting of Scottish Hogmanay
celebrations is the Flambeaux Procession at Comrie, Perthshire. Such
processions can be traced back to the time of the ancient Druids. There is
a procession of townsfolk in fancy dress carrying large torches. They are
led by pipers. When the procession has completed its tour, the flambeaux
(torches) are thrown into a pile, and everyone dances around the blaze
until the torches have burned out.
The Night of Hogmanay
Nowhere else in Britain is the arrival of the New Year celebrated so
wholeheartedly as in Scotland.
Throughout Scotland, the preparations for greeting the New Year start
with a minor “spring-cleaning”. Brass and silver must be glittering and
fresh linen must be put on the beds. No routine work may be left
unfinished; stockings must be darned, tears mended, clocks wound up,
musical instruments tuned, and pictures hung straight. In addition, all
outstanding bills are paid, overdue letters written and borrowed books
returned. At least, that is the idea!
Most important of all, there must be plenty of good things to eat.
Innumerable homes “reek of celestial grocery” – plum puddings and currant
buns, spices and cordials, apples and lemons, tangerines and toffee. In
mansion and farmhouse, in suburban villa and city tenement, the table is
spread with festive fare. Essential to Hogmanay are “cakes and kebbuck”
(oatcakes and cheese), shortbread, and either black bun or currant loaf.
There are flanked with bottles of wine and the “mountain dew” that is the
poetic name for whisky.
Holidays and traditions in English – speaking countries.
In the cities and burghs, the New Year receives a communal welcome,
the traditional gathering-place being the Mercat Cross, the hub and symbol
of the old burgh life. In Edinburgh, however, the crowd has slid a few
yards down the hill from the Mercat Cross to the Tron Kirk – being lured
thither, no doubt, by the four-faced clock in the tower. As the night
advances, Princes Street becomes as thronged as it normally is at noon, and
there is growing excitement in the air. Towards midnight, all steps turn to
the Tron Kirk, where a lively, swaying crowd awaits “the Chaplin o’ the
