Экономические отношения между Россией и Казахстаном
МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
КАМЫШИНСКИЙ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ
ФИЛИАЛ
ВОЛГОГРАДСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО
ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА
КАФЕДРА ИНОСТРАННЫХ ЯЗЫКОВ
РЕФЕРАТ
По дисциплине: Английский язык
на тему:
«Экономические отношения между Россией и Казахстаном»
ВЫПОЛНИЛ:
СТУДЕНТ ГРУППЫ КБА-031 (СВ)
Ефимова Ю.Е.
ПРОВЕРИЛ:САЛИН Б.С.
г. Камышин
2004 г.
Contents
1. THE RUSSIAN-KAZAKHSTAN RATIOS AT THE PRESENT STAGE.
2. Mutual Trade.
3. Cooperating in oil gas and power sphere.
4. Cooperating in sphere of transport and communications.
LIST OF USED SOURSES
1. THE RUSSIAN-KAZAKHSTAN RATIOS AT THE PRESENT STAGE.
In a context of events, which have taken place in region after
September 11, the role of Russia in Central Asia a little has varied, as
well as all has varied geopolitical formulated in region last years.
In these conditions of one of important external policies of tasks of
Kazakhstan is the adjusting of tactics and strategy in ratios with Russia,
which would correspond by modern geopolitical realities and long-term
interests of our country.
Central Asia and Caspian Sea go into a region of traditional interests
of Russia.
In this region it always had the important national interests, which,
however, in different periods were defined by different circumstances and
factors.
The key interests of Russia in this region at the present stage can be
reduced to the following.
Central Asia has the important value in a safety of Russia.
The importance of this region for Russia is stipulated not oil but the
factor implying from desire to save influence on Caspian Sea;
Kazakhstan region is of interest for Russia territory, where its
compatriots live. Are those, on our sight three dominating interest of
Russian Federation, dominating, Caspian – Central Asia region at the
present stage. It in this region has also other interests trade, cosmotron
of “Baikonur”, industrial communications etc. but now in basic they carry
not so priority character.
Until recently Russia ensured above-mentioned interests without the
special efforts. All countries of region in the majority were that or are
otherwise dependent on Russian Federation. But the events, which have
occurred after September of the last year, have brought in serious enough
variations to a geopolitical situation in Central Asia and have affected on
common position of forces in region.
One of the occurred key variations consists in that the break in
sphere of traditional vital interests of Russia is watched which today
faces to necessity Central Asia of policy.
As a whole by 2001 in Central Asia the private tripartite balance
between interests of Russia, China, USA was folded.
The given balance can figuratively be presented as a triangle, in
which upper corner Russia, in one lower corner - USA, in the friend - China
settled down. These countries have occupied three strategic niches in
Caspian – Central Asia region: military-political, oil and gas, commodity-
raw.
The Russian presence at region last years was ensured, first of all,
with strategic military-political component. A peaking of a problem
extremism and the terrorisms in Central Asia, activation Islamic of driving
of Uzbekistan, irreconcilable part of Integrated Tadjik opposition at
immediate support Talib have established in 1999 - 2001 real threat for the
countries of region.
In these conditions only Russia was considered by the states of region
as the real factor of safety. It is enough to recollect, that these years
intensive two-sided ratios in military and military-engineering sphere were
especially made active.
Thus, USA has occupied oil and gases niche in the region, and Russia
and China by virtue of economic circumstances could not compete with it in
this direction.
In this geopolitical triangle Russia all the same occupied a little
bit dominating positions. This majoring in many respects was determined by
strategic military-political component, which role in the international
ratios is traditionally high.
In a context of a common global situation Russia forced to be
reconciled with a determination of military basses of USA in region of its
traditional interests.
Taking into account all these circumstances, Russia faces to necessity
of the policy in Central Asia. The further prolongation above-mentioned
tendencies will have painful enough consequences for it.
Despite of some variation of a role of Russia in Central Asia, for
Kazakhstan the strategic interests in a ratio of Russia continue to be
saved.
The necessity of activation of ratios with Russia and holding of
constructive cooperating on much important directions for Kazakhstan is
dictated as well by that in case of essential weakening of Russia in
Central Asia it will be fraught with negative consequences. The situation
in region can become unstable and badly forecast.
In the whole traditional interests of Kazakhstan in a ratio of Russia
are founded on four factors having long-time character.
First, the maintenance partner of ratios with Russia is necessary
valid intercontinental of an arrangement of Kazakhstan, for which the exit
on the world market is vital for an economic development. Russia in this
respect occupies the strategically important position; being by the state,
on which region pass vital strategy of transport and communication.
Secondly, Russia is one of the important subjects of the international
system, having significant political weight and rather large military-
engineering opportunities. The Russian factor in many respects determines
external policy in a situation around of Kazakhstan, both on regional, and
at the international level.
Thirdly, Russia is the major economic partner Republic of Kazakhstan.
It not only imports different production and techniques to Kazakhstan, but
also is the market of selling of Kazakhstan production. About 70 % of
Kazakhstan industrial potential is involved on economy.
In - fourth, both states are combined with a historical generality,
spiritual and cultural links. In region of Russia the man is Kazakh
Diasporas including 740 thousand. In Kazakhstan Russians are second on
number ethnic group, making about 30 percents of the population of the
country.
In this context the Russian direction of exterior policy of Kazakhstan
remains to one of priority and strategic.
As a whole at the present stage in the Russian-Kazakhstan ratios the
following most priority and perspective directions of cooperating are
meant:
• Mutual trade.
• Interaction in oil and gas and power sphere.
• Cooperating in sphere of transport and communications.
• Cooperating in sphere of safety.
2. Mutual Trade.
The interests of both countries are answered with magnifying of mutual
trade. Russian Federation traditionally occupies the first place among the
basic trade partners of Kazakhstan both on export, and on import.
It is necessary to mark, that last years the growth of a share of
Russian Federation in import and reduction in export is watched. The
specific gravity of Russia in total amount of the Kazakhstan export is
sequentially reduced and is augmented in import. Within several last
years Kazakhstan has negative trade balance with Russian Federation.
Considering structure of export and import on groups of the commodity
spectrum, it is possible to select the following characteristic features.
Export. Structure of export Republic of Kazakhstan in Russian
Federation for the last few years has varied, the separate commodity
groups have occupied a leading position.
Now on four commodity groups (fuel mineral, oil and petroleum; products of
inorganic chemistry; grain bread and ores) are necessary about 80 % of the
Kazakhstan export in Russia, whereas in 1994 on the pointed groups it was
necessary 53,3 %. In 2001 as contrasted to 2000 the separate outbound
delivering tended to lowering, so, for example, the specific gravity of
export of a grain was reduced from 12 % up to 6 %; the export of products
of inorganic chemistry was reduced from 14 % up to 13 %. Certainly, on
lowering of export in Russia renders influence a variance between the in-
house prices and prices of outbound delivering.
At the same time it is necessary to mark, that the reduction of export
has taken place not on all basic groups of the commodity spectrum. The
specific gravity of export of ore has increased from 8 % up to 10 % and
export of fuel from 46 % up to 47 %.
Import Republic of Kazakhstan goes into first five of the countries of
the basic trade partners of Russia in import. The specific gravity of
import of Russia has increased in total amount of the Kazakhstan import
