from 36,7 % per 1999 up to 45,4 % per 2001. There were insignificant
variations in groups of imported commodity production. So, the volumes of
import were reduced
The analysis of export and import displays, that in structure of
import as against export there is no predominance of separate commodity
groups at the same time a specific gravity of articles of food, products of
processing ready articles grows.
From 89 regions of Russian Federation 72 have trade - economic links
with Republic of Kazakhstan.
Feature of transport -geographical interregional links of regions of
Russia with Kazakhstan is the directedness mutual goods traffic primarily
with Ural, Western and East Siberia, and also with Moscow and Moscow
region.
The important place in the Russia -Kazakhstan links occupies frontier
cooperating, on which share it is necessary 71,5 % from common commodity
circulation. In export of many frontier subjects of Federation significant
volume is necessary on production of a petrochemical industry.
The significant experience of mutual economic cooperating with frontier
regions of Kazakhstan accumulated in the Orenburg region, and also Pavlodar
region of Kazakhstan with frontier regions of Russia. Now 18 % of the
Orenburg export and more than 40 % of import have on Kazakhstan.
As a whole before Kazakhstan in mutual trade with Russia there is a
series of perspective tasks, which decision will influence definitely on a
common economic situation in the country.
One of the important tasks is the variation of trade balance of
Kazakhstan and Russian Federation from negative in positive. Besides the
gradual variation of structure commodity circulation in favorable for
Republic of Kazakhstan direction is desirable.
Radiating from interests of two states, it is expedient in the nearest
perspective to consider a complex of measures on hardening links of
frontier regions. The necessity of creation of legal fundamentals of a
development of frontier regions does not call doubts. On our sight, it is
necessary to speed up development of the defining laws. Among them there
are Laws About state support of a socio economic development of frontier
territories of Republic of Kazakhstan, About free economic regions, About
frontier trade.
Obvious presence of potential and mutually advantageous opportunities
of Russia and Kazakhstan also is of use of the optimum shapes of
specialization, density of the industrial and financial capital, use of
effective financial instruments, architecture of optimum commodity,
financial and transport streams. In this connection special urgency in a
development Kazakhstan – Russia links was got with problems of a
synchronization of legislative and normative basis of the countries.
Not less important the coordinated marketing strategy of Kazakhstan and
Russia in the international markets is represented, where the saving and
hardening of common positions is quite possible. The priority direction
represents perfecting the organizational shapes of activity Kazakhstan and
Russian suppliers in the world markets. They can become cartel of the
agreement.
3. Cooperating in oil gas and power sphere.
The given direction of cooperating between two countries is one of
perspective. The structure of the Kazakhstan export of oil on the countries
in 2001 is characterized by lowering of a share of delivering in the
countries of CIS (17 %) and expansion of geography of export of oil in the
cities of foreign countries (83 %).
The indexes of export of petroleum in 2001 essentially have varied as
contrasted to 2000. Alongside with export Kazakhstan realizes import of
petroleum. And 98 % of all imported volumes of petroleum are necessary on
Russian Federation.
Kazakhstan more than 50 % depends on Russia in a ratio of delivering of
crude oil on refinery factory in Shimkent and Pavlodar which receive west
Siberian oil on the manifold from Omsk. Pavlodar refinery factory on 100 %
depends on west Siberian oil.
Its technological dependence on Russia falls into basic problems
Pavlodar refinery factory: the production cycle of the enterprise is
calculated for consumption west Siberian oil with the low contents of
sulphur and paraffin. The perspective flagship of the Kazakhstan oil
processing is complicated with its neighborhood with the Russian factories
- competitors:
Omsk, Ufa, Volgograd refinery factories, they have stable access to
crude oil, besides on reduced prices.
The cooperating in oil and gas branch explicates also through link of
share development of the Kazakhstan deposits. Russia in the projects on
natural resources users in region of Republic of Kazakhstan.
The large interest in relation to Kazakhstan is expressed with the large
oil Russian company “Yokus” which has received a section for developments
in Russia and region of Kazakhstan.
Since 2000 the electric power system of Kazakhstan works in a parallel
condition from European Economic Community of Russia and grid system of the
countries of Central Asia.
The parallel operation of electric power systems considerably has
boosted quality of electrical power and reliability of electro supply of
consumers of Kazakhstan, Central Asia and Russian Federation, and also has
allowed operatively to realize surplus of electricity and transit of
electrical power, it is more rational to use power powers of electrical
stations. The electric power system of Kazakhstan and Russian Academy of
Science, European Economic Comminity of Russia are called secure each other
in case of crashes.
In the whole cooperating of Kazakhstan and Russia in fuel and energy
sphere has noticeable perspectives.
The major factor of a development of the power market is the deepening
of cooperating in the field of scientific researches and developments of
advanced techniques in manufacture of power, electro technical equipment.
Now all aspects of equipment for power stations are made in Russia. With
disintegration of Union economic links between the manufacturers and
consumers of a utilities, equipment considerably have worsened, that is
negatively reflected in availability index of product of power complexes of
the country. On this question it is expedient except of concrete measures
at a level of Government.
4. Cooperating in sphere of transport and communications.
Cooperating in sphere of transport and communications one of the most
perspective regions of a development of two-sided ratios between Kazakhstan
and Russia. Both states in a context of a development of transport
cooperating have a strategic value for each other, as, apart from a wide
national transport web, occupy defining a geographical position.
Kazakhstan and Russia are closely coupled by the transport
communications. In this connection, Kazakhstan is sensitive reacting to any
variations under the tariffs for freight traffic on region of Russia.
One of key questions here - transportation of oil and gas through
region of Russia. In the aggregate transportation of the Caspian oil and in
the whole oil is one of the major sides of the Russia -Kazakhstan
cooperating.
In a period from 1995 till 1999 Russia gave Kazakhstan such quota,
which did not allow the Kazakhstan exporters to involve the algorithm
manifold Atyrau – Samara on an apparent watts its annual channel capacity
in 10,5 mln of tons of oil. And only in 1999 the algorithm manifold was
loaded almost on 100 %. The agreement on magnifying of a quota at transit
of oil in long-distance foreign countries at first up to 5 mln of tons
(December 23, 1998) was signed, and then (February 25, 1999) up to 7,5 mln
of tons. This decision initiated occurrence of the project of
reconstruction and modernizing of the algorithm manifold Atyrau – Samara
for magnifying of a channel capacity at first up to 12 mln of tons, then -
up to 15 mln of tons.
This project, designed by transport companies of both countries -
Russian “Transoil” and Kazakhstan “Kazakhoil”, is favorable to both sides.
For “Transoil” the transportation of the Kazakhstan oil on the algorithm
manifolds that for complete use of their powers does not suffice 20 mln
tons, brings additional profit.
For Kazakhstan the magnifying of a channel capacity of the algorithm
manifold Atyrau – Samara and export of oil through Russia opens the
perspective market of selling, what Europe is. On a system of oil pipelines
"«Friendship" the Kazakhstan oil can act in Germany, Poland, Hungary,
Slovenia, Czechia and Slovakia, where there is a stable demand for oil.
Under the forecasts of the experts, by 2010 Central and East Europe will
import about 80 mln of tons of oil to one year. Now more than half of
volumes of imported oil in this region make delivering of the countries of
CIS, primarily - from Russia (51 %). Having expanded outbound opportunities
in this direction, Kazakhstan can become one of the largest suppliers of
raw material in the European countries.
By share efforts of Kazakhstan and Russia is put into operation
Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC). The common extent of the algorithm
manifold makes 1 580 km, primal channel capacity 28 mln ton / year. Thus
for reaching a maximum channel capacity 67 mln of tons of oil per one year
it is necessary only to augment opportunities of pump stations.
During nearest of forty years CPC will be a stable source of the
