Translatioin of Political Literature
Plan
Introduction
Chapter I
§ I. Translation and its aims.
§ II. Translation of Political literature and terms.
Chapter II
§ I. Grammatical difficulties of translation
§ II. Lexical difficulties of translation
§ III. Stylistic difficulties of translation
§ IV. The difficulty of translation of set phrases and idioms
§ V. List of set expressions used in Political Literature
Conclusion
Summary
Introduction
In this Qualification Paper we’ve set forth to study the translation
methods of Political literature and political terms at a deeper level,
their types and ways of their translation of Political literature, to
consider the function of political literature in everyday life of the
humanity.
The object of this Qualification paper can be considered as one that
gives the detailed review of the ways political literature and political
terms can be translated into Russian language. It also helps to improve
one’s understanding of the principal rules of translation which plays
leading role while processing translation.
The aim of this work is to introduce the translation approach to
Political literature so that to make it easy to perceive for those willing
to keep up their educational and scientific carrier in the science of
translation, it was purposed to broaden their view on translation studies
and peculiar features while translating Political literature.
In this work we set the following tasks:
- to review all the sources of Political literature
- to reveal the methods of translation of Political literature
- to investigate grammatical, lexical, stylistic and phraseological
difficulties of translation of political literature
We should mention that this research work represents a great
theoretical value for those willing to take up their future carrier in the
field of translations as invaluable reference to the methods and the ways
of translation of Political literature.
And the practical value of this work involves the idea that
translation represents a field aimed at training future
translators/interpreters to translate verbal and written materials on
Political subjects basing on the study of International politics, to
differentiate the language features of English, Russian and other languages
as well as political lexicology, phraseology, syntax and style.
The source information for this research work has been carefully
studied and investigated before it was applied to the given work.
The originality of this work is in its creative approach to the study
and methods of translation, besides, it contains a detailed review of ways
and methods of translation.
The given Qualification paper contains introduction, two chapters,
conclusion and bibliography list.
The first chapter gives a detailed review of the study of the theory
of translation and also reveals the role of political literature and terms
in everyday life of the humanity which are believed to be interesting to
future translator/interpreters. It also discussed the methods of
translation of political literature with purpose to make it easier for
translator to achieve adequate translation in the target language.
The second chapter deals with the detailed study of grammatical,
lexical, stylistic difficulties involved in translation of political
literature. It also gives some hints on translation of idioms and set
expressions and their behavior in literature.
We have also attached some samples of translation of political set
expressions so that to enable the future translator to benefit from the
given paper in their further researches in the fields of translation.
In conclusion we have summed up the results of our laborious
investigation translation of political literature.
At the end of the research paper we have attached the bibliography
list to enable the future translator to use information sources used in
this Paper.
Chapter I.
§ I. Translation and its aims.
Most translators prefer to think of their work as a profession and
would like to see others to treat them like professionals rather than as
skilled or semi-skilled workers. But to achieve this, translators need to
develop an ability to stand back and reflect on what they do and how they
do it. Like doctors and engineers, they have to prove to themselves as well
as others that they are in control of what they do; that they do not just
translate well because they have ‘flair’ for translation, but rather
because, like other professionals, they have made a conscious effort to
understand various aspects of their work.
Unlike medicine and engineering, translation is a very young
discipline in academic terms. It is only just starting to feature as a
subject of study in its own right, not yet in all but in an increasing
number of universities and colleges around the world. Like any young
discipline, it needs to draw on the findings and theories of other related
disciplines in order to develop and formalize its own methods; but which
disciplines it can naturally and fruitfully be related to is still a matter
of some controversy. Almost every aspect of life in general and of the
interaction between speech communities in particular can be considered
relevant to translation, a discipline which has to concern itself with how
meaning is generated within and between various groups of people in various
cultural settings. This is clearly too big an area to investigate in one
go. So, let us just start by saying that, if translation is ever to become
a profession in the full sense of the word, translators will need something
other than the current mixture of intuition and practice to enable them to
reflect on what they do and how they do it. They will need, above all, to
acquire a sound knowledge of the raw material with which they work: to
understand what language is and how it comes to function for its users.
Translation is a process of rendering a text, written piece or a
speech by means of other languages. The difference of translation from
retelling or other kinds of transfer of a given text is that that
translation is a process of creating an original unity in contexts and
forms of original.
The translation quality is defined by its completeness and value. “The
completeness and value of translation means definite rendering of the
contextual sense of the original piece and a high-grade functional-
stylistic conformity.”
The concept “high-grade functional-stylistic conformity” clearly points
on two existing ways of rendering the form in unity with the meaning: the
first one is a reproduction of specific features of the form of the
original piece and the second one is the creation of functional
conformities of those features. It means when translating the specific
features of an original literature we should rather consider the style
inherent for the given genre but than direct copying the form of an
original. While translating, we should also remember that different lexical
and grammatical elements of an original might be translated differently if
accepted by the norms of conformity to the whole original. The translation
adequacy of separate phrases, sentences and paragraphs should not be
considered separately but along with achievement of the adequacy and
completeness of the translating piece as a whole because the unity of a
piece is created through collecting the components.
No matter how a translator (interpreter) is talented he should remember
two most important conditions of the process of translation: the first is
that the aim of translation is to get the reader as closely as possible
acquainted with the context of a given text and then second – to translate
– means to precisely and completely express by means of one language the
things that had been expressed earlier by the means of another language.
A translation can be done:
1. from one language into another, kin-language, non-kin,
2. from literary language into its dialect or visa versa
3. from the language of an ancient period into its modern state
The process of translation, no matter how fast it is, is subdivided
into two moments. To translate one should first of all to understand, to
perceive the meaning and the sense of the material.
Furthermore, to translate one should find and select the sufficient
means of expression in the language the material is translated into (words,
phrases, grammatical forms).
There are three, most identified types of translation: literary,
special and sociopolitical.
The ways of achieving the adequacy and completeness in those three
types of translation will never completely coincide with each other because
of their diverse character and tasks set to translator (interpreter).
The object of literary translation is the literature itself. And its
distinctive feature is a figurative-emotional impact on the reader, which
is attained through a great usage of different linguistic means, beginning
from epithet and metaphor up to rhythmical-syntactic construction of
phrases.
Thus, in order to preserve figurative-emotional impact on the reader
while translating a work of art, the translator (interpreter) will try to
render all the specific features of the translating material. That’s why,
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